A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

Method for the prediction of the effective dose equivalent to the crew of the International Space Station

This paper describes a methodology for assessing the pre-mission exposure of space crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in terms of an effective dose equivalent. In this approach, the PHITS Monte Carlo code was used to assess the particle transport of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and trapped radiation for solar maximum and minimum conditions through an aluminum shield thickness. From these predicted spectra, and using fluence-to-dose conversion factors, a scaling ratio of the effective dose equivalent rate to the ICRU ambient dose equivalent rate at a 10 mm depth was determined. Only contributions from secondary neutrons, protons, and alpha particles were considered in this analysis.     

Estimation of optical maturity parameter for lunar soil characterization using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

Prolonged exposure of the microscopic outer layer of the lunar surface to the space environment leads to the maturation of the surface. Maturation can be quantified and it may be expressed in terms of optical maturity (OMAT). Optical maturity estimations are very much helpful in the identification and mapping of the major minerals present on the lunar regolith. Estimation of the maturation and mineral mapping using remote sensing techniques are achieved, by coupling spectral reflectance of the lunar surface with an optimized origin. The present work estimates the optical maturity and Ferrous oxide content of the Goldschmidt and Schrodinger craters, through the recalibration of the classical method of Lucey et al. (2000a) with an origin of (0.08, 1.18) and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The overall recalibration results assure that the craters are highly matured.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

整体壁板压弯成形等效计算模型

分析了筋条内弯型整体壁板压弯成形过程中蒙皮和筋条的弹塑性变形分布,鉴于内弯筋条发生塑性变形而蒙皮主要为弹性变形的特点,提出了一种将蒙皮部分简化为虚拟材料筋条的几何等效方法.推导了基于惯性矩的虚拟材料等效系数计算公式,给出了复杂网格筋条壁板等效模型建立过程和虚拟材料系数计算方法.进行了Ⅰ型单筋条和网格筋条壁板的有限元分析和压弯实验,对比分析了完整模型和等效模型的计算效率和精度,并用实验数据进行了验证,表明建立的压弯成形有限元等效模型精度可靠、效率数倍提高,为大型整体壁板压弯成形分析和工艺参数优化提供了基础.     

高精度UT1-UTC差分预报方法研究

针对卫星导航所需的高精度地球定向参数(EOP)中的UT1-UTC预报问题,提出了基于双差分LS+AR的UT1-UTC参数预报方法。对UT1-UTC观测数据进行跳秒检测、固体地球带谐潮汐项改正,然后对改正后的UT1-UTC数据进行双差分处理,增强数据平稳性;采用最小二乘拟合(LS)与自回归(AR)分析方法对差分处理后的数据进行分析与预报;对预报结果进行逆差分处理与潮汐项改正外推、跳秒恢复,获取高精度的UT1-UTC预报值。通过与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,UT1-UTC短期预报精度与EOP_PCC较优的预报精度相当,其中1天UT1-UTC预报精度优于0.03ms,优于EOP_PCC预报结果。介绍了北京航天飞行控制中心的UT1-UTC每日例行预报情况。     

航天器与空间碎片的混合编队重构控制与应用

针对空间碎片清理问题,提出了一种利用航天器与空间碎片混合编队队形重构控制技术捕获碎片的方法。首先,分析了地/月—日系L2拉格朗日平动点附近的限制性三体环境,并建立了编队卫星相对运动动力学模型;其次,提出了以太阳光压力作为航天器与空间碎片编队队形重构的控制力,实现各从星接近空间碎片的目的;最后,设计了基于线性二次型的最优控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明该方法可控制从星到达期望的位置(空间碎片的位置),且太阳帆板的姿态变化在可控范围内,进而证明了该方案可以应用于复杂空间环境下的碎片清理任务。     

大型复杂项目风险建模与熵决策

对复杂系统规模庞大、结构复杂、风险众多从而难以进行决策的问题,提出了分级建模、风险过滤、风险评价和熵决策的复杂项目风险决策思路.应用分级全息建模技术辨识系统风险,开发了一个卫星系统研制项目的风险识别模型,克服了单一模型描述风险源的局限性;通过风险过滤、评级和管理技术对已经识别的风险进行定性和定量的度量,对风险进行分级,确定了关键风险;利用熵决策模型对关键风险进行评估和优选,得到最优决策方案.在此基础上开发了一个卫星系统研制项目方案选优决策的案例对该过程进行了分析,为大型复杂项目风险决策、重大工程项目方案择优决策提供了一条新的思路.     

基于概念聚类的用户兴趣建模方法

Internet资源的指数级增长促进了个性化服务的发展.针对传统的用户兴趣建模方法在准确率和增量处理能力方面的不足,提出了一种新的基于概念聚类的用户兴趣建模方法UIM2C2(User Interest Modeling Method based on Conceptual Clustering).该方法首先通过分析用户访问的历史文档构造后缀树结构,然后选择不同的相似度阈值,以不同的粒度合并基本簇.依据不同阈值条件下合并的基本簇之间的包含关系,生成用户的兴趣层次.UIM2C2方法是针对文档的一个增量式、无监督的概念学习方法,因此用户描述文件可以轻易的获取和更新.最后,通过数据集20NewsGroup上的实验验证了UIM2C2方法在兴趣预测方面的有效性.     

三维全五向编织复合材料细观结构实验分析

对三维(3D)全五向编织复合材料的细观结构进行了实验研究,三维全五向编织复合材料是一种新型的编织复合材料,其细观结构对预测材料的性能有重要作用。采用显微计算机断层成像(micro-CT)技术得到了三维全五向编织复合材料的截面图片,通过在碳纤维试件中混编入少量玻璃纤维作为示踪纱,提高了示踪纤维束在截面图片中的的对比度。并通过三维重建得到纤维束实体模型,结合CAD技术对纤维束的横截面形状与空间走向进行了研究。结果表明:编织纱与轴纱纤维束的截面形状在材料不同区域与不同的花节高度内是变化的;在不同区域,编织纱的空间走向也是不同的;而轴纱在空间上基本保持伸直。由于编织纱对轴纱的挤压使轴纱表面产生螺旋状的压痕。