Geometric calibration of Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System of ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter

There are many geometric calibration methods for “standard” cameras. These methods, however, cannot be used for the calibration of telescopes with large focal lengths and complex off-axis optics. Moreover, specialized calibration methods for the telescopes are scarce in literature. We describe the calibration method that we developed for the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) telescope, on board of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). Although our method is described in the context of CaSSIS, with camera-specific experiments, it is general and can be applied to other telescopes. We further encourage re-use of the proposed method by making our calibration code and data available on-line.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

基于查表的开环MPM预失真器

提出了一种基于查表的开环记忆多项式模型(MPM,Memory Polynomial Model)预失真器.从MPM预失真器系数估计和执行信号预失真处理两方面加以考虑.首先,利用预失真器和高功率放大器(HPA,High Power Amplifier)传输特性的互补性,由采集到的HPA输入、输出基带数据进行单次最小二乘估计得到MPM预失真器的系数,避免了以往递归结构的收敛性和计算量大等问题.然后,利用MPM预失真器的特点,建立了基于输入信号强度索引的一维向量表,通过查表实现MPM预失真器的幂次累加项,极大地减少了实现预失真器所需的计算量及硬件开销.仿真显示,采用提出的预失真器可以有效补偿HPA对信号的记忆非线性失真,有效带宽内获得了近20 dB的功率改善,也显著改善了系统误码性能.     

周向总压畸变对对转压气机影响效应分析

以对转压气机为研究对象,在数值方法校验的基础上,应用全通道定常流场分析手段计算了对转压气机不同周向畸变条件下的三维流场,获取了周向总压进气畸变对该压气机性能以及流场结构的影响效应,确定了对转压气机的临界畸变角,分析了不同畸变强度对压气机性能的影响规律,探讨了周向总压畸变在对转压气机中的发展演化过程。结果表明:(a)所研究的对转压气机临界畸变角约为72°,略高于传统动-静叶排交替的压气机临界畸变角;(b)相比均匀进气工况,当畸变指数为0.24时,对转压气机失速点压比和失速裕度分别下降3%和9.6%,当畸变指数为0.5时二者分别下降8.3%和19.8%;(c)未畸变区与畸变区流体之间存在的压力梯度影响转子叶片相对来流速度。进入畸变区叶片来流相对速度减小,负荷降低,退出畸变区叶片来流相对速度增大,负荷增大;(d)上游转子使得畸变水平提高,下游转子反向旋转效应抑制了来流相对速度变化趋势,增强了气流在其叶片通道中的掺混,使得畸变水平有所下降。     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

进气道温度畸变问题的研究

重点研究稳态温度畸变对发动机稳定工作的影响。温度畸变分为周向温度畸变和径向温度畸变两种情况。温度畸变将使发动机喘振裕度降低。情况严重时可使发动机工作不稳定,或发动机熄火,从而危及飞行安全。本文半给出进气道温度畸变和稳定性因子的确定方法,作为进气道／发动机匹配研究的基础。     

自适应光学技术补偿镜面温度及自重变形研究

论述了在星载高分辨率相机上采用自适应光学技术的必要性;介绍了应用自适应光学技术补偿镜面温度及自重变形的实验原理,进行了计算机模拟计算,并与实验结果进行比较。实验用一块平面反射镜作为缩比模型,应用６１单元自适应光学系统对其进行了闭环校正实验,分析了泽尼克多项式所对应的像差的校正效果。     

降低高空台涡喷发动机进气流场不均匀度装置的试验研究

本文介绍A及B型涡喷发动机在模拟高空试验时的进口总压畸变及测量技术。发动机在低转速工作时发生“放炮现象”,为消除此故障在发动机进口按装一种整流器(由一个收敛段和气动网格组成)使进口气流分布均匀。试验结果效果良好,使稳态不均匀度和动态湍流度明显下降。文中介绍此类整流器的规格及设计细节,具有工程实用价值。     

国土卫星图象的校正方法

自国土普查卫星发射成功以来,针对国土星成象的几何特性,先后研制了一系列针对不同成象条件和地表状况的几何校正方法。文章的目的,就是对这些方法,从客观的角度,进行评述。找出存在的问题,并指出解决这些问题的方法。