Investigation of ionospheric response to two moderate geomagnetic storms using GPS–TEC measurements in the South American and African sectors during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

The responses of the ionospheric F region using GPS–TEC measurements during two moderate geomagnetic storms at equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions over the South American and African sectors in May 2010, during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, are investigated. The first moderate geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst value of −64 nT at 1500 UT on 02 May 2010 and the second moderate geomagnetic storm reached a minimum Dst value of −85 nT at 1400 UT on 29 May 2010. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from the equatorial to mid-latitude regions in the South American and African sectors. Our results obtained during these two moderate geomagnetic storms from both sectors show significant positive ionospheric storms during daytime hours at the equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions during the main and recovery phases of the storms. The thermospheric wind circulation change towards the equator is a strong indicator that suggests an important mechanism is responsible for these positive phases at these regions. A pre-storm event that was observed in the African sector from low- to the mid-latitude regions on 01 May 2010 was absent in the South American sector. This study also showed that there was no generation or suppression of ionospheric irregularities by storm events. Therefore, knowledge about the suppression and generation of ionospheric irregularities during moderate geomagnetic storms is still unclear.     

Periodic Variations of Drag Coefficient for the ANDE Spherical Satellites During its Lifetime

A drag coefficient (C_D) inversion method is introduced to study the variations of the drag coefficient for orbital satellites with spherical geometry. Drag coefficients of the four micro satellites in the Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) are compiled out with this new method. The Lomb-Scargle Periodgram (LSP) analysis of the four ANDE satellites' C_D series has shown that there are obvious 5, 7, 9, and 27 days' period in those data. Interesting results are found through comparing the LSP analysis with series of the daily solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (F_10.7 index), the Ap index, and the daily averaged solar wind speed at 1AU. All series in the same time interval have an obvious period of about 27 days, which has already been explained as the association with the 27 days' solar rotation. The oscillating periods less than 27 days are found in series of C_D, Ap and solar wind speed at 1AU, e.g., the 5, 7, 9 days period. However, these short periods disappeared in the time series of F_10.7 index. The same periodicities of 5, 7, 9 days in Ap and solar wind are presented at the same time interval during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. While in the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, these short oscillations are not so obvious as that in the declining phase of solar cycle 23. These results provide definite evidence that the C_D variations with period of 5, 7 and 9 days are produced by a combination of space weather effects caused by the solar wind and geomagnetic activity.      

A Prediction Method for△f0F2min of a Single Station From Interplanetary Parameters Based on Statistical Study

Using 86 CME-interplanetary shock events,the correlation between the peak values of （a） the solar wind parameters(B_z,E_y,P_dyn) and the geomagnetic indices（SYM-H,ASY-H,Kp）, （b） the coupling functions（Borovsky,Akasofu,Newell） and the geomagnetic indices,（c） the solar wind parameters/coupling functions/geomagnetic indices and the ionospheric parameter(Δf₀F_2min), are investigated.The statistical results show that in group（a）,B_{z min} and SYM-H_min have the best correlation,that in group（b）,the best correlation is between the peak values of Akasofu function (A_min) and SYM-H_min,and that in group（c）,the best correlation is between K_pmax andΔf₀F_2min. Based on the statistical results,a method for predicting f₀F₂ of a single station is attempted to be set up.The input is modified B_{z min} and the outputs are SYM-H_min andΔf₀F_2min.Then 25 CME-IPS events that caused geomagnetic storms in 1998 and 2009 are used to check the prediction method. The results show that our method can be used to predict SYM-H_min andΔf₀F_2min.     

Solar rhythms in the characteristics of the Arctic frontal zone in the North Atlantic

Long-term changes of the Arctic frontal zone characteristics near the south-eastern coasts of Greenland were considered, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data being used. It was found that in the cold half of the year the temperature gradients in the layer 1000–500 hPa in the region under study reveal strong ∼10-yr and ∼22-yr periodicities that seem to be related to solar activity cycles. The results obtained suggest the influence of solar activity and cosmic ray variations on the structure of the temperature field of the troposphere resulting in the changes of the temperature contrasts in the Arctic frontal zone that, in turn, may affect the intensity of cyclogenesis at middle latitudes. The detected effects seem to indicate an important part of frontal zones in the mechanism of solar activity and cosmic ray variation influence on the development of extratropical baric systems. It is suggested that the variations of the temperature gradients revealed in the Arctic frontal zone are due to the radiative forcing of cloudiness changes which may be associated with geomagnetic activity and cosmic ray variations.     

基于MLPG混合配点法的接触问题形状优化

分别介绍了接触问题和MLPG(Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin)混合配点法的理论基础,推导了相关公式,给出了两种典型接触状态的定解条件,使用二维线性基函数,采用三次样条曲线权函数,通过移动最小二乘法插值,将MLPG混合配点法运用到接触分析中,使用罚函数法添加本质边界条件,对二维弹性接触问题的接触过程进行模拟,反复迭代得到真实的接触情况,建立了一种新的应力-位移非线性数学求解模型,结合遗传算法对实际工程接触问题进行了求解优化,给出优化结果和目标函数变化曲线,并与相关文献结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性.     

地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的CIT研究

利用电离层层析成像技术(Computerized Ionospheric Tomography, CIT)处理115°E子午圈附近6个台站的GPS观测数据, 分析了2004年11月地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的响应情况. 结果表明, 电离层呈正相扰动, 且不同高度上的响应不同, 800 km以下电子密度有不同程度的增加, 且在峰值高度附近增幅最大, 800 km以上地磁暴的影响并不显著; 伴随地磁能量的注入, 赤道异常峰极向扩展; 随磁扰强度的降低, 电子密度也逐渐恢复至平静水平. 这些结果与以往的理论和观测结果一致, 初步估计扰动是由热层暴环流引起的, 并受到赤道异常峰移动的影响.      

Auroral Electrojet Event Associated With Magnetospheric Substorms

The auroral electrojet index is an important index in monitoring and predicting substorms. A substorms usually includes auroral breakup, auroral electrojet event marked by AE increase, energetic particle injection at geosynchronous orbit, mid-low latitude Pi2, etc. However the question whether an auroral electrojet event corresponds to a substorm remains unanswered. Using the auroral electrojet index in 2004, we analyzed five auroral electrojet events and studied their relation with substorms. The results show that there are three kinds of auroral electrojet events: (1) simultaneous rapid increase of westward auroral electrojet and eastward auroral electrojet; (2) rapid increase of westward auroral electrojet and almost unchangeable eastward auroral electrojet; (3) rapid increase of eastward auroral electrojet and almost unchangeable westward auroral electrojet. Most of auroral electrojet events correspond to substorms. However a few auroral electrojet events are not accompanied by substorms. This situation most often occurs for the auroral electrojet event in which eastward auroral electrojet dominates.      

基于当地变量的横流转捩预测模型的研究与改进

Langtry和Menter提出的转捩预测模型需要改进以具备预测横流转捩的能力。当地变量Helicity参数可以指示边界层内的横流信息,因而可用来构造适用于复杂构型以及当代计算流体力学(CFD)并行计算的横流转捩预测模型。实现了基于Helicity参数的横流转捩预测模型,对于后掠角为45°的NLF(2)-0415无限展长后掠翼,模型能够预测不同雷诺数对横流转捩的影响,但是对6:1椭球的横流转捩预测结果与试验数据相差较多。针对实现的横流转捩预测模型的缺点,考虑横流速度因素进行改进。横流速度的求解经过简化近似可以当地求解,因而保证了改进的模型完全基于当地变量的优势。采用改进后的横流转捩预测模型分别对NLF(2)-0415机翼、6:1椭球以及DLR-F5机翼进行数值模拟,并与试验数据进行对比分析,结果显示改进后的横流转捩预测模型可以较为准确地捕捉横流转捩现象。     

LF算法中蚁群移动策略的研究

采用FM、误分类错误率和运行时间作为衡量改进的LF算法的评价指标,对算法中蚁群的不同移动策略进行研究.这些移动策略包括完全随机移动、局部记忆指导下的直接跳转、局部记忆指导下的定向随机靠近、全局记忆指导下的直接跳转、全局记忆指导下定向随机靠近和局部记忆与全局记忆共同指导下的定向随机靠近6种移动策略.针对每种策略,固定算法的其他运行参数,在UCI数据集的Iris数据和Wine数据上运行的结果表明,全局记忆指导下的定向随机靠近策略运行效果最好,而且收敛速度快,并能有效避免局部最优化的问题.     

结构可靠性灵敏度因子的新标准化指标

鉴于以往可靠性灵敏度在不同算法下数值差异性较大,可靠性灵敏度数值仅能进行简单的重要性排序,数值本身难以反映出基本变量对输出不确定性的影响程度,提出了标准化灵敏度因子及标准化灵敏度因子向量。据此,其分量不仅反映了基本变量对输出不确定性的影响,还袁征了此变量在全部变量中对输出不确定性的重要性程度,在数值上具有明确的物理意义,进一步在线性机构条件下推导出标准化灵敏度因子的具体求解公式。经数值算例分析,算法简单易行,运算量小,计算效率高。