二维扰动对下游圆盘压力分布的影响

通过测量阻力和表面压力,研究了干扰圆柱尾迹产生的二维扰动对下游圆盘气动特性的影响,得到圆盘迎风面压力分布的变化规律,并结合以往流场结构的研究,对其机理进行了分析.结果表明在圆盘与干扰圆柱间距比L/D较小时,圆盘迎风面低压区宽度随间距增大迅速增加;当L/D>0.7时,对于同一直径的干扰圆柱,圆盘迎风面低压区宽度基本保持不变;对于不同直径的干扰圆柱,在圆盘前产生低压区的宽度随圆柱直径的增加而变大.此外,利用这种干扰方法,可以降低圆盘阻力,实验得到圆盘阻力可减少约9%,相应的圆柱/圆盘系统的阻力可减小4%.      

Solar and interplanetary precursors of geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 23

Estimating the magnetic storm effectiveness of solar and associated interplanetary phenomena is of practical importance for space weather modelling and prediction. This article presents results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the probable causes of geomagnetic storms during the 11-year period of solar cycle 23: 1996–2006. Potential solar causes of 229 magnetic storms (Dst ? −50 nT) were investigated with a particular focus on halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A 5-day time window prior to the storm onset was considered to track backward the Sun’s eruptions of halo CMEs using the SOHO/LASCO CMEs catalogue list. Solar and interplanetary (IP) properties associated with halo CMEs were investigated and correlated to the resulting geomagnetic storms (GMS). In addition, a comparative analysis between full and partial halo CME-driven storms is established. The results obtained show that about 83% of intense storms (Dst ? −100 nT) were associated with halo CMEs. For moderate storms (−100 nT < Dst ? −50 nT), only 54% had halo CME background, while the remaining 46% were assumed to be associated with corotating interaction regions (CIRs) or undetected frontside CMEs. It was observed in this study that intense storms were mostly associated with full halo CMEs, while partial halo CMEs were generally followed by moderate storms. This analysis indicates that up to 86% of intense storms were associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) at 1 AU, as compared to moderate storms with only 44% of ICME association. Many other quantitative results are presented in this paper, providing an estimate of solar and IP precursor properties of GMS within an average 11-year solar activity cycle. The results of this study constitute a key step towards improving space weather modelling and prediction.     

Ionospheric response to the 3 August 2010 geomagnetic storm at mid and mid-high latitudes

The global ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm occurred of 3 August 2010 is studied in terms of the ionospheric parameter foF2. Data from three longitudinal sectors (Asia/Pacific, Europe/Africa and America) are considered. Some new aspects of the storm time ionospheric behavior are revealed. Results of the analysis show that the main ionospheric effects of the storm under consideration are: (a) prior to the storm, Japanese, Australian and American stations show increases in foF2, irrespective of the local time. (b) During the main phase, the stations of mid latitudes of the American sector show positive disturbances (in the pre-dusk hours), which subsequently change to negative. (c) During the recovery phase of the magnetic storm long-duration positive disturbances are observed at mid-low latitudes of the African chain. Also positive disturbances are observed in the Australian sector. In the European sector long-duration negative disturbances are seen at mid-high latitudes during the last part of the recovery phase while at mid-low latitudes a positive disturbance is seen, followed by a negative disturbance. In general, the ionospheric storm effects show a clear hemispheric asymmetry.     

某位标器抗扰控制技术研究

对某位标器抗扰控制技术进行了研究。建立了位标器随动系统模型,针对比例积分微分（PID）控制的局限性,引入微分跟踪器构造微分环节,用系统观测器重构补偿扰动影响,以改善系统的控制效果。仿真结果表明：加入微分跟踪器和观测器的系统有较好的抑制干扰能力,系统鲁棒性提高,削弱了扰动对系统性能的影响。     

空间相机匀速扫描干扰补偿控制方法

针对空间相机匀速扫描中的周期干扰,研究永磁同步电机(PMSM)抗扰控制问题.为了解决传统状态观测器与内模原理补偿方法形式复杂、计算量大的问题,结合敏感器测量输出和系统模型推导出干扰量,并在重构干扰的基础上,采用超前输入补偿策略快速抑制扰动影响.该方法形式简洁,计算量小,经数学仿真和试验验证,可有效抑制系统正弦扰动,改善...     

磁云膨胀速度对无力场磁通量管模型拟合结果的影响

为了考察磁云膨胀速度对磁通量管模型拟合结果的影响,选取了1998-2003年中15次引起了较大地磁暴(Dstmin＜-50 nT)的典型磁云事件进行了拟合.与未考虑膨胀速度模型的拟合结果比较,膨胀速度的引入能较好地改善拟合结果,与观测数据的偏差最大能减小30%,并且拟合所得的膨胀速度基本符合统计规律.这个结果说明膨胀的磁通量管模型能更好地反映实际观测的磁云.同时,初步分析了考虑膨胀速度前后磁云各拟合参数的变化.      

冕洞特征参数与重现型地磁暴关系的统计研究

在提取冕洞特征参数的基础上,利用1996年到2005年8月近十年来对地磁扰动有影响的356个冕洞事例,定量分析了冕洞特征参数(包括冕洞的面积比、经纬度跨度等)与冕洞高速流特征、重现型地磁扰动特征(包括扰动大小和持续时间等)之间的相关性,研究发现,从引起地磁扰动的冕洞在整个太阳活动周的分布来看,在地磁扰动峰年中冕洞影响同样具有重要的贡献;冕洞高速流太阳风速度与地磁扰动强度之间存在较强的相关性,而高速流中太阳风速度与冕洞面积比关系不大,与冕洞亮度存在一定相关性;冕洞的经度跨度与地磁扰动持续时间存在很强的正相关性.      

基于自抗扰控制的共轴直升机姿态控制律设计

以某型共轴双旋翼无人直升机作为研究对象,对无人机返航进场与降落着舰阶段的抗扰动问题进行研究。针对海上着舰环境下的外界干扰与不确定性问题,选用自抗扰控制器设计共轴直升机姿态控制律,以提高共轴直升机对外部扰动的抗扰性能。针对自抗扰控制律调整参数过多问题,设计改进粒子群算法进行自动参数优化。仿真结果表明:改进粒子群算法能够显著提高参数整定速度,且精度更高;优化参数后的自抗扰控制律在强干扰环境下具备良好的动态响应与鲁棒性。     

Analysis of ionospheric TEC response to solar and geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages

Studying the relationship of total electron content (TEC) to solar or geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages can provide a reference for ionospheric modeling and prediction. On the basis of solar activity indices, geomagnetic activity parameters, and ionospheric TEC data at different solar activity stages, this study analyzes the overall variation relationships of solar and geomagnetic activities with ionospheric TEC, the characteristics of the quasi-27-day periodic oscillations of the three variables at different stages, and the delayed TEC response of solar activity by conducting correlation analysis, Butterworth band-pass filtering, Fourier transform, and time lag analysis. The following results are obtained. (1) TEC exhibits a significant linear relationship with solar activity at different solar activity stages. The correlation coefficients |R| are arranged as follows: |R|_EUV > |R|_F10.7 > |R|sunspot number. No significant linear relationship exists between TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters (|R| < 0.35). (2) TEC, solar activity indices, and geomagnetic activity parameters have a period of 10.5 years. The maximum amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum for TEC and solar activity indices are nearly 27 days and those of geomagnetic activity parameters are nearly 27 and 13.5 days. (3) The deviations of the quasi-27-day significant periodic oscillation of TEC and solar activity indices are consistent. (4) No evident relationship exists between the quasi-27-day periodic oscillation of TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters. (5) The delay time of TEC for the 10.7 cm solar radio flux and extreme ultraviolet is always consistent, whereas that for sunspot number varies at each stage.     

地磁定位方法综述

地磁导航具有可用区域广泛、无累积误差、无源和隐蔽性强等优势,是未来定位导航与授时(PNT)体系中潜在的重要导航定位手段之一。地磁导航技术包括磁场信息的测量、地磁基准图的建立和地磁定位方法的设计3个重要内容。本文主要围绕地磁定位方法,调研总结了当前主流的地磁滤波、地磁匹配和磁场同时定位与构图(SLAM)三类方法的原理及技术发展路线,重点分析了不同方法的优缺点、适用场景、时效性、对磁图和传感器的需求,并对地磁定位方法的发展方向进行了展望。