燃气发生器推进剂

本文介绍了燃气发生器对推进剂的特殊要求和应用在燃气发生器中的几种推进剂原材料、配方及其特性.     

ΔDsat,a QB50 CubeSat mission to study rarefied-gas drag modelling

A CubeSat mission to study the impact of flow incidence angle, surface material and surface roughness on gas–surface interactions on spacecraft in low Earth orbits has been designed. To accomplish this scientific goal the CubeSat deploys a variable geometry aerofoil capable of exposing different surfaces to the flow at different incident angles. By using the on-board GPS measurements and an orbit determination technique the drag experienced by the CubeSat can be estimated. The CubeSat has been designed to be part of the QB50 mission, and hence it carries a sensor that can take in-situ measurements of the atmosphere. This is then used to estimate the atmospheric density and hence to extract information on the drag coefficient. To minimise any bias present in the measurement chain a differential approach is used. Therefore no absolute drag coefficients are estimated, instead, ratios of drag coefficients are computed. This allows direct comparisons of the drag coefficients of different materials, different surface roughness or different incident angles. Simulations indicate that this CubeSat mission will be able to obtain drag coefficient ratios with an uncertainty level of less than 5%.     

A combined technique of Kalman filter,artificial neural network and fuzzy logic for gas turbines and signal fault isolation

The target of this paper is the performance-based diagnostics of a gas turbine for the automated early detection of components malfunctions. The paper proposes a new combination of multiple methodologies for the performance-based diagnostics of single and multiple failures on a two-spool engine. The aim of this technique is to combine the strength of each methodology and provide a high success rate for single and multiple failures with the presence of measurement malfunctions. A combination of KF (Kalman Filter), ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and FL (Fuzzy Logic) is used in this research in order to improve the success rate, to increase the flexibility and the number of failures detected and to combine the strength of multiple methods to have a more robust solution. The Kalman filter has in his strength the measurement noise treatment, the artificial neural network the simulation and prediction of reference and deteriorated performance profile and the fuzzy logic the categorization flexibility, which is used to quantify and classify the failures. In the area of GT (Gas Turbine) diagnostics, the multiple failures in combination with measurement issues and the utilization of multiple methods for a 2-spool industrial gas turbine engine has not been investigated extensively.This paper reports the key contribution of each component of the methodology and brief the results in the quantification and classification success rate. The methodology is tested for constant deterioration and increasing noise and for random deterioration. For the random deterioration and nominal noise of 0.4%, in particular, the quantification success rate is above 92.0%, while the classification success rate is above 95.1%. Moreover, the speed of the data processing (1.7 s/sample) proves the suitability of this methodology for online diagnostics.     

Optimisation of X-ray proportional counters for Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM) on ASTROSAT

The Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM) on ASTROSAT is a position-sensitive gas-filled proportional counter with a wide field of view. The scientific objective of SSM is to scan the sky within few hours to detect and locate transient X-ray sources in the outburst phase. Once detected, this information will be provided for studies in all energy bands. The energy range of operation of SSM is 2–10 keV. The optimisation of the parameters of the proportional counter such as the cell size, the gas mixture and the gas pressure for the SSM are discussed here.     

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

卫星推进系统气体流量探头的研制

介绍了卫星推进系统气体流量探头设计中的几个问题,该探头适用微波量气体流量的测量,采用了差压式孔板流量计的原理,设计轻巧,使用方便,能够进行远距离无失真传输,方便了现场测试。     

状态方程对煤油液滴高压蒸发计算的影响

分别基于RK、SRK和PR等不同真实流体状态方程(EoS)建立了包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对我国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机,对煤油液滴在高压N 2 环境下的蒸发过程进行数值研究,重点分析了不同状态方程对N 2 -C 12 H 26 二元系统高压气液相平衡,及进一步对煤油液滴高压蒸发计算的影响。结果表明：对液滴蒸发速率影响最大的参数是液滴表面蒸气质量分数,而对该参数影响最大的则是所选取的状态方程。基于SRK和PR EoSs的高压气液相平衡及液滴高压蒸发计算结果均与试验数据符合较好,可正确描述液滴高压蒸发特性;而基于RK EoS的相平衡计算结果显著高估液滴表面蒸气质量分数和环境气体溶解度,并低估临界混合温度和偏摩尔相变热,进而在亚临界蒸发状态下高估蒸发速率,在超临界蒸发状态下低估蒸发速率。另外,基于RK EoS的计算中液滴发生跨临界转变所需的环境温度显著低于基于SRK和PR EoSs的。     

充气式蓄能器参数选型方法研究

容积和预充气压力是充气式蓄能器的关键参数,对其动态性能（工作状态下,其压力与流量的输出性能）有较大影响。以某型飞机舵面应急型充气式蓄能器计算选型为例,基于Hypneu 仿真软件中的液压元件库,结合该型飞机液压系统的主要设计参数以及应急型蓄能器的工作原理,建立蓄能器作动仿真模型;在Hypneu中设置测试点记录仿真曲线,通过分析仿真曲线探究充气式蓄能器的关键参数对其动态性能的影响;结合理论计算与仿真分析,提出一套蓄能器参数选型方法,并通过试验验证该选型方法。结果表明：蓄能器的预充气压力越大,初始蓄能器输出的有效容积越小,减少预充气压力增加有效容积的同时会降低蓄能器的输出压力,试验结果与仿真结果接近,使用该方法选型的蓄能器可以满足作动要求。     

推进式螺旋桨飞行中桨叶温度测量与尾气防冰性能评估

为研究推进式布局螺旋桨表面温度分布特性,评估发动机尾气防冰功能,对螺旋桨进行了飞行中的温度测量试验,在桨叶上布置了Pt100热电阻和K型热电偶,通过无线近距遥测系统实现信号传输,测量螺旋桨在不同高度和发动机状态飞行时的表面温度.结果表明桨叶前缘尾气显著影响区温度随半径增加先升高后降低,桨叶最大厚度处温度则随半径增大呈先...     

一种非线性规划的求解方法与燃气发生器的设计

阐述了一种新的非线性规划的求解方法。即对每个参变量在其可能变化区间内，按照特定的步长依次代入约束方程来观察是否满足约束条件，从而求得若干组可行解。变量变化的步长通过非线性方程组各个方程在近似结点的全微分的分析获得。步长的确定是本方法的关键。文中并示范性列举了本方法在燃气发生器设计中的作用。