多点喷射贫预混喷嘴流场及排放特性研究

基于燃料喷射孔与旋流器中空叶片相耦合的发展趋势和避免贫预混喷嘴发生回火和自燃,本文提出了一种新型的带收敛出口、壁面开冷却孔且中空叶片叶背开喷射孔的多点喷射贫预混喷嘴,采用试验研究了其流场和污染排放特性,并采用数值计算对流场和燃料/空气混合特性进行了补充研究。结果表明：主回流区脱离喷嘴出口一段距离,有利于产生脱体火焰而防止发生自燃和回火,且本文喷嘴出口温度监测结果也证实了在喷嘴内未发生自燃和回火;不同压力状态下喷嘴出口截面混合不均匀度SMV（Spatial Mixing Variance）均在4.7%左右,满足低污染燃烧室SMV低于5%的要求;并且污染物排放试验结果表明贫预混喷嘴能同时满足NOx和CO排放要求(@ 15% O2)的Φdome范围较宽,为0.65-0.82,能减少其应用在全环燃烧室的分级数,另外当Φdome低于0.70时,贫预混喷嘴的NOx排放低于10ppmv(@ 15% O2)。本文提出的新型贫预混喷嘴能满足燃气轮机低污染排放要求。     

T3清洗剂中煤油含量分析方法

为检测液氧／煤油发动机清洗后清洗剂中煤油含量,采用带温度程序的毛细管柱气相色谱法对液氧／煤油发动机组件用T3清洗剂清洗后清洗剂中残留的煤油组分进行分离,所得色谱峰峰形好且稳定,所选分析峰的峰面积与煤油含量在一定的浓度范围内呈线性关系。考察了分析条件、分析方法的重现性、精密度及检测限,建立了T3清洗剂中煤油含量的分析方法。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、检测限低。可用于判断液氧／煤油发动机组件清洗干净与否的标准。     

In-orbit operation and performance of the CubeSat Soft X-ray polarimeter PolarLight

PolarLight is a compact soft X-ray polarimeter onboard a CubeSat, which was launched into a low-Earth orbit on October 29, 2018. In March 2019, PolarLight started full operation, and since then, regular observations with the Crab nebula, Sco X-1, and background regions have been conducted. Here we report the operation, calibration, and performance of PolarLight in the orbit. Based on these, we discuss how one can run a low-cost, shared CubeSat for space astronomy, and how CubeSats can play a role in modern space astronomy for technical demonstration, science observations, and student training.     

Predicting the effects of gas diffusivity on photosynthesis and transpiration of plants grown under hypobaria

As part of a Bio-regenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for long-term space missions, plants will likely be grown at reduced pressure. This low pressure will minimize structural requirements for growth chambers on missions to the Moon or Mars. However, at reduced pressures the diffusivity of gases increases. This will affect the rates at which CO₂ is assimilated and water is transpired through stomata. To understand quantitatively the possible effects of reduced pressure on plant growth, CO₂ and H₂O transport were calculated for atmospheres of various total pressures (101, 66, 33, 22, 11 kPa) and CO₂ concentrations (0.04, 0.1 and 0.18 kPa). The diffusivity of a gas is inversely proportional to total pressure and shows dramatic increases at pressures below 33 kPa (1/3 atm). A mathematical relationship based on the principle of thermodynamics was applied to low pressure conditions and can be used for calculating the transpiration and photosynthesis of plants grown in hypobaria. At 33 kPa total pressure, the stomatal conductance increases by a factor of three with the boundary layer conductance increasing by a factor of ∼1.7, since the leaf conductance is a function of both stomatal and the boundary layer conductance, the overall conductance will increase resulting in significantly higher levels of transpiration as the pressure drops. The conductance of gases is also regulated by stomatal aperture in an inverse relationship. The higher CO₂ concentration inside the leaf air space during low pressure treatments may result in higher CO₂ assimilation and partial stomata closure, resulting in a decrease in transpiration rate. The results of this analysis offer guidelines for experiments in pressure and high CO₂ environments to establish ideal conditions for minimizing transpiration and maximizing the plant biomass yield in BLSS.     

SnO2薄膜在可见光区的气敏透光研究

研制以ＳｎＯ２江膜作敏感材料的气敏比色皿，发现在可见光区透射率随被测气体浓度伯增大而增大，并解释敏感机理。     

导弹垂直发射装置对燃气流压强周期性振荡的响应

本文对舰载导弹垂直发射装置中的燃气流周期性振荡特性进行了分析与实验测量，对装置产生的响应特性也进行了实验研究和有限元分析。实验测量结果与理论计算在规律上有定性的一致     

被动活塞式气体流量主标准器

研制成功的气体小流量标准装置以被动活塞式气缸作为主标准器。活塞采用水银环密封方式,该方式可有效降低活塞与缸体摩擦,并且消除泄露。通过活塞自重形成稳定被压,保证主标准器内压力和气体流量稳定。主标准器流量范围为3ml/min～10L/min,不确定度为0.2%（k=2）。     

基于PLC的污水处理系统研究

应用COD、BOD在线检测仪、SS测量仪等国外先进的专用检测仪器实时采集各种生物化学指标和物理指标,采集的数据通过PLC运算后,控制执行机构的动作,利用偏差控制算法实现参数的闭环控制,保证系统要求的工艺参数,将曝气滤池法从实验室推向市场。     

基于描述函数的燃烧振荡建模与仿真

针对贫预混燃烧在燃气轮机燃烧室中的燃烧振荡问题进行主动控制技术研究，一般需依赖于较为准确的火焰动力学模型，但是通过仿真或者试验测量得到完整、准确的非线性火焰动力学响应特性都存在较大的困难。针对该问题，本文基于声学分析，结合非线性建模方法的应用，提出了一种基于描述函数的热声耦合系统分析方法，既能够体现火焰非线性动力学过程的影响，又便于实验测量与系统辨识。本文针对旋流预混燃烧室的热声耦合特性进行了实验测量，通过系统辨识得到热声耦合系统的描述函数模型，在此基础上开展热声耦合系统时域仿真分析。实验测量结果表明，包含火焰动力学过程的声波传播过程具有较强的非线性特征，并且在一定频率范围内描述函数的幅值和相位随扰动量幅值变化规律体现出较一致的规律；仿真分析结果证明了辨识得到的描述函数可以对燃烧室中的热声耦合形成过程和极限环振荡特征进行描述。     

航空发动机整流器气体保护钎焊技术研究

本文叙述了气体保护钎焊的机理和工艺方法,系统分析了影响航空发动机整流器钎焊质量的诸多因素,对钎焊过程中产生的缺陷进行了分析,采取了针对性的措施,使整流器钎焊的一次合格率由49.3%提高到80.7%。