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201.
First results of operational ionospheric dynamics prediction for the Brazilian Space Weather program
Adriano Petry Jonas Rodrigues de Souza Haroldo Fraga de Campos Velho André Grahl Pereira Graham John Bailey 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
It is shown the development and preliminary results of operational ionosphere dynamics prediction system for the Brazilian Space Weather program. The system is based on the Sheffield University Plasmasphere–Ionosphere Model (SUPIM), a physics-based model computer code describing the distribution of ionization within the Earth mid to equatorial latitude ionosphere and plasmasphere, during geomagnetically quiet periods. The model outputs are given in a 2-dimensional plane aligned with Earth magnetic field lines, with fixed magnetic longitude coordinate. The code was adapted to provide the output in geographical coordinates. It was made referring to the Earth’s magnetic field as an eccentric dipole, using the approximation based on International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-11). During the system operation, several simulation runs are performed at different longitudes. The original code would not be able to run all simulations serially in reasonable time. So, a parallel version for the code was developed for enhancing the performance. After preliminary tests, it was frequently observed code instability, when negative ion temperatures or concentrations prevented the code from continuing its processing. After a detailed analysis, it was verified that most of these problems occurred due to concentration estimation of simulation points located at high altitudes, typically over 4000 km of altitude. In order to force convergence, an artificial exponential decay for ion–neutral collisional frequency was used above mentioned altitudes. This approach shown no significant difference from original code output, but improved substantially the code stability. In order to make operational system even more stable, the initial altitude and initial ion concentration values used on exponential decay equation are changed when convergence is not achieved, within pre-defined values. When all code runs end, the longitude of every point is then compared with its original reference station longitude, and differences are compensated by changing the simulation point time slot, in a temporal adjustment optimization. Then, an approximate neighbor searching technique was developed to obtain the ion concentration values in a regularly spaced grid, using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation. A 3D grid containing ion and electron concentrations is generated for every hour of simulated day. Its spatial resolution is 1° of latitude per 1° of longitude per 10 km of altitude. The vertical total electron content (VTEC) is calculated from the grid, and plotted in a geographic map. An important feature that was implemented in the system is the capacity of combining observational data and simulation outputs to obtain more appropriate initial conditions to the ionosphere prediction. Newtonian relaxation method was used for this data assimilation process, where ionosonde data from four different locations in South America was used to improve the system accuracy. The whole process runs every day and predicts the VTEC values for South America region with almost 24 h ahead. 相似文献
202.
以互动参与及粉丝经济为典型特征的社会化商业时代,传统媒介已不足以支撑企业品牌的构建与发展;社会化平台用户产生内容(UGC)会直接影响品牌的可信度及消费者购买决策.通过对国内外文献的回顾,梳理了UGC对品牌态度的驱动因素,并从正反两方面探索了UGC对品牌态度产生的积极影响与消极效应,旨在为网络零售业在社会化商业模式下的品牌传播提供营销启示与参考. 相似文献
203.
204.
Robotic belt grinding has emerged as a finishing process in recent years for machining components with high surface finish and flexibility.The surface machining consistency, however,is difficult to be guaranteed in such a process.To overcome this problem, a method of hybrid force-position control combined with PI/PD control is proposed to be applied in robotic abrasive belt grinding of complex geometries.Voltage signals are firstly obtained and transformed to force information with signal conditioning methods.Secondly, zero drift and gravity compensation algorithms are presented to calibrate the F/T transducer which is installed on the robot end-effector.Next, a force control strategy combining hybrid force-position control with PI/PD control is introduced to be employed in robotic abrasive belt grinding operations where the force control law is applied to the Z direction of the tool frame and the positon control law is used in the X direction of the tool frame.Then, the accuracy of the F/T transducer and the robotic force control system is analyzed to ensure the stability and reliability of force control in the robotic grinding process.Finally, two typical cases on robotic belt grinding of a test workpiece and an aero-engine blade are conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the force control technology proposed. 相似文献
205.
Willy Benz 《Space Science Reviews》2000,92(1-2):279-294
The physics of low velocity collisions (5 m/s to 40 m/s) between basalt bodies ranging in size from 1 m to 10 km is studied
in an effort to investigate the early phases of planetesimal accretions. To assess the importance of the internal structure
of planetesimals on the outcome of the collisions, we model them either as solid spheres or as rubble piles with a filling
factor of 0.5.
The collisions are simulated using a three dimensional Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code that incorporates the combined
effects of material strength and a brittle fragmentation model. This approach allows the determination not only of the mass
of the largest fragments surviving the collisions but also their dynamical characteristics.
We find that low velocity collisions are for equal incoming kinetic energy per gram of target material considerably more efficient
in destroying and dispersing bodies than their high velocity counterparts. Furthermore, planetesimals modeled as rubble piles
are found to be characterized by a disruption threshold about 5 times smaller than solid bodies. Both results are a consequence
of a more efficient momentum transfer between projectile and fragments in collisions involving bodies of comparable sizes.
Size and shape dependent gas drag is shown to provide relative collision velocities between similar meter-sized objects well
in excess of the critical disruption threshold of either rubble piles or solid bodies. Unless accretion can proceed avoiding
collisions between bodies of similar masses, the relative weakness of bodies in this size range creates a serious bottleneck
for planetesimal growth.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
206.
Sylvain Chaty 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
In this review I first describe the nature of the three kinds of High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs), accreting through: (i) Be circumstellar disc, (ii) supergiant stellar wind, and (iii) Roche lobe filling supergiants. 相似文献
207.
L. S. Anderson-Huang 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):203-213
The chromosphere-corona transition region of the Sun enjoys both simplicities of character and complexities of character which
result from its very thin geometrical extent. The simplicities derive from the reasonably clear view of the energy balance
(both observationally and theoretically), while the complexities derive from both the proximity of the not-so-clearly viewed
regions below and above, and the almost certain convolutions and perhaps discontinuities in the three dimensional geometry
of the transition sheet. While observational resolution and spectral information has improved greatly in recent years, the
problems associated with a single vantage point, the Earth and its environs, have not gone away. To understand the transition
region we must resolve structures radially and temporally as well as in the plane of the sky.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
208.
孙定浩 《空间控制技术与应用》2011,37(5):26-30
用分析法全面讨论脉宽调制器(IC:1842/3/4/5,1842A/3A/4A/5A)中振荡器的振荡特征参数(占空比D和频率f)与外接电阻R和电容C的关系.我们得到以R、C为自变量表达D和f的函数,以D、f为自变量求R、C的函数.并根据这些函数的计算结果绘制描述D、f、R、C(1F)4个参数之间的关系曲线.这些结果,不仅提升了对这类振荡器的认知,而且可供设计时直接引用和参考. 相似文献
209.
Kevin Hurley 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The observational properties of the soft gamma repeaters are reviewed briefly, starting with the time histories and energy spectra of their bursts. The short bursts and giant flares are compared. Their quiescent emission is presented, and the context of the magnetar model is discussed. 相似文献
210.
以模糊信息优化处理的观点,研究了信息扩散方式实现非参数输入的途径、方法和效果、本文用正态扩散方式处理知识样本,形成参数概率颁上模式,通过SIMAN仿真语言,对某一高速公路的一部分收费系统进行了仿真研究,结果表明:当人们对系统掌握的资料不多时,新方法有较大的优越性;如有较多的资料,新方法的结果与传统方法一致。 相似文献