CHAMP and GRACE accelerometer calibration by GPS-based orbit determination

Current and planned Earth observation missions are equipped with highly sensitive accelerometers. Before using the data, the instrument has to be calibrated by determining scale and bias parameters for each axis. Here, the accelerometer measurements are used in a GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbit determination approach, replacing the non-gravitational force models, and nominally daily calibration parameters are estimated. Additional empirical accelerations are estimated to account for deficiencies in the applied force models. This method is applied to 5 years of CHAMP and GRACE data, resulting in an orbit precision at the level of a few centimeters. In along-track direction the calibration parameters can be estimated freely, scale factors of 0.96 ± 0.014 and 0.95 ± 0.015 are obtained for GRACE A and B, and 0.85 ± 0.024 for CHAMP. A constant scale factor results in the smoothest bias series, with clear trends and occasional jumps. In radial and cross-track direction tight constraints to a priori biases have to be applied. Furthermore, the determined orbits are analyzed with respect to reference trajectories, and SLR, phase and KBR residuals are presented.     

一种新的GPS星座选择算法

在分析星座高度角和方位角对GPS定位误差影响的基础上,提出了一种新的最佳选星算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明：采用该方法选星作导航定位计算的误差和速度均优于以搜索4颗卫星组合的最小几何误差因子为计算准则的常规选星方法,且具有简单实用、工程易实现等优点,具有较强的适应性。     

软件定义的GNSS反射信号接收机设计

分析了导航卫星反射信号的特点,给出了反射信号软件接收机的总体结构及其主要模块,主要包括接收直射和反射信号的天线、射频前端和高速A/D变换器,以及数据处理用的计算机.重点介绍了反射信号处理的基本过程,其中主要讨论了本地反射信号C/A码的生成模式,在此基础上分析了反射信号相关功率的计算方法,并给出了具体的仿真计算实例.设计了反射信号处理的具体实现软件,包括详细的流程图,关键参数和主要函数的定义及用户界面,利用实际采集的数据进行了验证,结果表明所设计的反射信号接收机运行稳定,能根据用户输入的不同参数提供导航卫星反射信号的相关功率输出.     

空间转移飞行器自主导航系统SINS／GPS／SS的卡尔曼滤波器降阶方案

基于Kalman滤波的Strapdown Inertial Navigation system/Global Positioning System/star sensor(SINS/GPS/SS)组合导航系统已被研究用于满足空间转移飞行器自主导航能力的需求.为提高该方案实时性,论文提出两步降阶简化设想.第一,在星敏感器精度较高且保持稳定的前提下,认为绝对姿态(四元数)误差较小,可忽略组合系统速度误差通道中的姿态四元数误差,实现姿态四元数误差与速度和位置误差的解耦,进而将原滤波器简化为分别估计姿态四元数误差和估计速度、位置误差的两个完全独立的降阶滤波器;第二,针对估计位置、速度误差的滤波器,采用噪声等效思想.简化加速度计误差模型,进一步降低滤波器维数.此时,原16维滤波器将被化分为两个同时运行的7维和6维降阶滤波器.仿真表明在计算量明显下降的同时,该降阶滤波器和原滤波器估计效果却相当.证实这种思想具有一定的可行性.     

基于广义相位谱对干扰源测向方法的研究

针对无源系统对噪声调频干扰源进行测向的问题,在研究宽带信号的数字鉴相算法的基础上,提出了一种采用多通道信号、基于广义相位谱(GPS)的测向算法。先把阵元接收到的信号变换到频域,然后运用广义相位谱对互谱相位差加权处理,进而估计出宽带噪声调频信号的波达角。仿真实验的结果表明,该测向方法对不同带宽的干扰信号都可保证较高的测向精度。     

Harmonic analysis of the ionospheric electron densities retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements

In order to investigate the regular variations of the ionosphere, the least-squares harmonic estimation is applied to the time series of ionospheric electron densities derived from about five years of Global Positioning System radio occultation observations by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites. The analysis is done for different latitudes and altitudes in the region of Iran. The least-squares harmonic estimation is found to be a powerful tool for the frequency analysis of the completely unevenly spaced time series of radio occultation measurements. Although the obtained results are slightly different from the exact expected cycles (i.e. annual and diurnal components with their Fourier decompositions, and the 27-day period) due to the low horizontal resolution of radio occultation measurements, high vertical resolution of the observations enables us to detect not only the total electron content variations but also periodic patterns of electron densities at different altitudes of the ionosphere. The dominant diurnal and annual signals together with their Fourier series decompositions are obtained, which are consistent with the previous analyses on the total electron content. In the equatorial anomaly band, the annual component is weaker than its Fourier decomposition periods. In particular, the semiannual period dominates the annual component, indicating the relationship between the semiannual variation of the electron densities and the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. From detection of the phases of the components, it is revealed that the annual signal generally has its maximum value in summers at high altitudes, and in the winters at low altitudes. This is probably due to the higher [O/N₂] ratios in winter than in the summer in the lower ionosphere. Furthermore, the semiannual component mostly peaks around solstices or about a month before/after them.     

基于粒子滤波和似然比的接收机自主完好性监测算法

由于粒子滤波算法在处理非线性系统非高斯噪声问题具有较大的优势,提出将粒子滤波算法与对数似然比方法有机结合应用于接收机自主完好性监测(Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring,RAIM)中。通过粒子滤波算法对状态进行精确估计,利用对数似然比建立一致性检验统计量进行故障检测。在建立全量累加对数似然比和部分累加对数似然比检验统计值的基础上,通过比较系统各状态累加对数似然比和检测阈值之间的关系,进而对卫星故障进行检测。对算法进行了数学建模,描述了RAIM算法流程。通过实测数据对提出的RAIM算法进行验证,结果表明:粒子滤波在非高斯测量噪声情况下可以对GPS接收机状态进行精确的估计,利用对数似然比建立的一致性检验统计量能有效地检测并隔离故障卫星,验证了该算法应用于接收机自主完好性监测的可行性和有效性。     

Comparison between ionospheric peak parameters retrieved from COSMIC measurement and ionosonde observation over Sanya

In this paper we compared the ionospheric peak parameters (peak electron density of the F region, NmF2, and peak height of the F region, hmF2) retrieved from the FORMASAT-3/COSMIC (COSMIC for short) satellite measurement with those from ionosonde observation at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E) during the period of 2008–2013. Although COSMIC NmF2 (hmF2) tends to be lower (higher) than ionosonde NmF2 (hmF2), the results show that the ionospheric peak parameters retrieved from COSMIC measurement generally agree well with ionosonde observation. For NmF2 the correlation between the COSMIC measurement and the ionosonde observation is higher than 0.89, and for hmF2 the correlation is higher than 0.80. The correlation of the ionospheric peak parameters decreases when solar activity increases. The performance of COSMIC measurement is acceptable under geomagnetic disturbed condition. The correlation of NmF2 between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements is higher (lower) during the nighttime (daytime), while the correlation of hmF2 is lower (higher) during the nighttime (daytime).     

Study of the 2013 Lushan M7.0 earthquake coseismic ionospheric disturbances

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Lushan, Sichuan province, China. This paper investigates the coseismic ionospheric anomalies using GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 23 reference stations in Sichuan province that are a part of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The recorded results show that a clear ionospheric anomaly occurred within 15 min after the earthquake near the epicenter, and the occurrence time of the anomalies recorded by various stations is related to the distance from the epicenter. The maximum anomaly is 0.25 TECu, with a 2 min duration and the distance of the recording station to the epicenter is 83 km. Acoustic waves generated by the crustal vertical movement during the earthquake propagate up to the height of the ionosphere lead to the ionospheric anomaly, and the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is calculated as 0.72 ± 0.04 km/s based on the propagation time and propagation distance, consistent with the average speed of sound waves within a 0–450 km atmospheric height.     

一种基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位算法

针对基于通用最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法在定位精度和鲁棒性等方面的不足,提出了一种基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波器的卫星定位解算方法。该方法直接利用GPS接收机测得的伪距和多普勒频移作为观测量,对接收机的位置和速度进行估计。经过工程上的实际验证表明:与基于通用的最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法相比,所提出的基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位解算方法的定位结果有更高的精度和更强的鲁棒性。