对GPS／INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰方法的探讨

目前GPS/INS制导已成为精确制导武器的核心。本文根据GPS信号特点及GPS/INS制导机理,通过对压制干扰和欺骗干扰技术及其对GPS接收机影响的分析,着重探讨对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰的方法。若要提高对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹实施远距离干扰的效果,而又使干扰机功率不是很大,则需建立多层次、分布式、立体式、小功率GPS干扰体系。     

A morphological study of GPS-TEC data at Agra and their comparison with the IRI model

The temporal and seasonal variations of Total Electron Content (TEC) are studied at Agra (Geographic Lat. 27.17°N, Long. 78.89°E, Dip: 41.4°), India, which is in the equatorial anomaly region, for a period of 12 months from 01 January to 31 December, 2007 using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The mean TEC values show a minimum at 0500 h LT (LT = UT + 5.5 h) and a peak value at about 1400 h LT. The lowest TEC values are observed in winter whereas largest values are observed in equinox and summer. Anomalous variations are found during the period of magnetic disturbances. These results are compared with the TEC derived from IRI-2007 using three different options of topside electron density, NeQuick, IRI01-corr, and IRI-2001. A good agreement is found between the TEC obtained at Agra and those derived from IRI models.     

High vertical resolution water vapour profiles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere retrieved from MAESTRO solar occultation spectra

An algorithm has been developed that retrieves water vapour profiles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from optical depth spectra obtained by the Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) instrument onboard the SCISAT satellite as part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission. The retrieval relies on ro-vibrational absorption of solar radiation by water vapour in the 926–970 nm range. During the iterative inversion process, the optical depth spectra are simulated at the spectral resolution and sampling frequency of MAESTRO using the correlated-k approximation. The Chahine inversion updates the water vapour volume mixing ratio (VMR), adjusting all retrieval layers simultaneously, to match the observed differential optical depth due to absorption by water vapour and ozone at each tangent height. This approach accounts for significant line saturation effects. Profiles are typically obtained from ∼22 km down to the cloud tops or to 5 km, with relative precision as small as 3% in the troposphere. In the lower stratosphere, the precision on water vapour VMR is ∼1.3 μmol/mol in an individual retrieval layer (∼1 km thick). The spectral capability of MAESTRO allows for the clear separation of extinction due to water vapour and aerosol, and for the fitting quality to be quantified and used to determine an altitude-dependent convergence criterion for the retrieval. In the middle troposphere, interhemispheric differences in water vapour VMR are driven by oceanic evaporation whereas in the upper troposphere, deep convection dominates and a strong seasonal cycle is observed at high latitudes.     

GPS L1频段上的系统内干扰的研究

为了在L1频段上有效发射多个高精度的导航信号,GPS全球导航卫星系统设计在同一中心频率上发射多个信号,各信号频谱严重重叠,因此内部干扰成为系统首要考虑问题。通过详细分析GPS L1频段上M码、L1C码、C/A码和P(Y)码的载噪比衰减值,发现除C/A码受到的干扰较严重外,其它三个信号受到的干扰较小,CDMA干扰是主要内部干扰源。分析结果表明,通过有效设计信号参数来减小CDMA干扰,使各信号功率谱主瓣相互错开,并合理设置信号接收功率,可以有效控制系统内干扰。
     

附加速度先验信息的车载GPS/INS/Odometer组合导航算法

在GPS/INS车辆组合导航中,GPS信号易受外界干扰而失锁。针对INS单独导航误差迅速累积的问题,在利用速度先验信息辅助INS导航的基础上,加入Odometer观测信息,提高了系统的可观测性和导航精度;另外提出了改进的位置修正法,即不直接利用状态估值修正位置,而是用修正后的速度推算位置。实测算例结果表明,与INS单独导航相比较,采用速度先验信息,提高了载体速度精度,采用改进的位置修正方法,位置精度有大幅度提高;在此基础上加入Odometer观测信息,位置和速度精度得到进一步改善。     

卫星侦察在复杂电磁环境下的感知效果影响分析

复杂电磁环境下,卫星侦察设备的工作方式都是依赖电磁波的传播,其感知的准确性不同程度地受到电磁干扰的影响。文章从复杂电磁环境的本质出发,重点分析了人为形成的几类电磁干扰,包括对卫星电子侦察、光学成像侦察、雷达成像侦察和卫星导航定位的干扰以及干扰应对措施,为最大限度减少复杂电磁环境对卫星感知的干扰提供了参考。     

基于TDDM的BOC调制信号伪码同步算法的研究

BOC调制技术以其独有的裂谱特性在实现信号频段共用的基础上,不断推动着卫星导航技术的发展。然而,新的TDDM机理的应用对实现BOC调制信号伪码高效同步提出了挑战。为此,在深入研究BOC信号同步的基础上,提出了一种新的基于成功捕获比例峰值判决门限和待调整峰比约束门限的TDDM伪码同步捕获判决方法,建立了基于TDDM的BOC调制信号捕获与跟踪的伪码同步算法。进一步,通过仿真实验,验证了新的伪码同步算法的合理和有效性。     

GPS 双基线载体姿态测量研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用GPS双差相位测量基线矢量,双差伪距观测值辅助解相位整周模糊,双频时引入空间变换缩小置信空间搜索次数,通过实例分析得出了正确解算相位模糊与观测次数、伪距测量精度的关系,并利用误差传播定律对姿态测量精度进行分析,结合卫星星历数据计算表明,在卫星运行周期内航向角和俯仰角平均测量精度在一定条件下优于2mrad.     

GPS用于航空导航性能评估

利用中国国际航空公司的一架B737－300飞机,对三个多月的国内航线飞行采集的全球定位系统（GPS）原始数据进行了统计和分析,参考有关标准和要求评估GPS用于航空导航的性能,并介绍了测试评估方法和统计的结果。     

1996-2003年大耀斑事件引起的TEC突然增强的统计分析

利用1996—2003年期间GOES卫星耀斑观测资料和国际GPS观测网的GPS—TEC资料分析X级大耀斑事件引起的电离层电子浓度总含量(TEC)的突然增强(SITEC)现象．对X射线耀斑等级、耀斑日面位置与SITEC的关系进行了分析．结果表明,两者都与SITEC现象的强弱有着一定的正相关性．在消除X射线耀斑等级、耀斑日面位置对电离层SITEC现象的影响后,进而分析了日地距离以及耀斑持续时间对电离层SITEC现象的影响．结果表明,日地距离和耀斑持续时间都是影响SITEC现象的重要参数,日地距离较近时发生的耀斑事件引起的SITEC现象较为强烈．另外,耀斑持续时间越长,SITEC现象越微弱,但是当耀斑持续时间继续延长时,SITEC现象的强弱逐渐趋于不再改变,最后在某值附近达到平衡．还对某些没有在电离层中引起明显SITEC现象的耀斑事件进行了讨论,发现了这类耀斑的一些特征．