基于GPS的陆地车辆跟踪与监视系统(英文)

介绍了建立在差分GPS和航位推算(DR)组合基础上的低成本陆地车辆跟踪与监视系统.从低成本角度出发,文中提出了采用单方向通讯数据链的新方案。为了保证定位精度,给出了差分GPS算法,并且详细研究了一个8状态的Kalman滤波器.最后使用两台C/A码GPS接收 机进行野外跑车试验.结果表明,差分定位精度小于5m.     

高精度GPS定位的精密电离层模型

在长距离GPS实时动态定位(RTK)过程中,电离层延迟误差是影响定位精度的主要误差源.目前,由于采用全空间电离层模型精度不够,对长距离RTK定位主要采用双差电离层残差内插方式.本文提出一种新的电离层模型.该模型仅对每个卫星轨迹通过的电离层部分进行建模,可适用于高精度GPS定位.采用香港数据,结果表明,该模型可较好地模拟低纬度电离层变化,并可支持GPS厘米级定位精度.     

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算

应用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差测量来确定载体的航向和姿态需要解决两个主要问题：模糊度的确定和航姿算法。本文提出了ＧＰＳ航姿解算的四元数方法,直接利用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差 算姿态四元数,从而保证了姿态矩阵的正交性能。     

应用约束条件快速解算整周模糊度

ＧＰＳ载波相位测量用于解算载体的航向和姿态时必需解决的问题之一就是整周模糊度的确定。近年来提出了多种模糊度的解算法方法,但对ＧＰＳ航姿系统来说,若能利用固有的约束条件则会使模糊度问题变得简单且快速有效。在详细分析了几种约束条件的基础上,文中探讨了如何合理 这些约束条件来减小模糊度的搜索范围,以加快模糊度的解算速度,并对检验方法作了改进。通过仿真结果对文中方法进行了检验。     

用加权几何精度因子选星的GPS抗多径定位方法

在ＧＰＳ（Ｇｌｏｂａｌ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）中普遍用几何精度因子（Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ ｄｉｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ,ＧＤＯＰ）来选星,但对近距差分ＧＰＳ,多径干扰已变成了主要误差源,传统的ＧＤＯＰ值选星不是最佳的。为减小多径误差,文中提出了一种新的加权ＧＤＯＰ值选星方法。在仿真验证过程中,分析了多径的几何传播机理,并考虑了抗多径天线的抑制效应。仿真结果表明,用加权Ｇ     

基于渐消卡尔曼滤波器的定位系统设计

针对无人机捷联式惯性导航系统(Strap-down inertial navigation system,SINS)定位精度低、全球卫星定位系统(Global position system,GPS)定位的非自主性,建立了一种无人机SINS/GPS定位信息融合系统。采用渐消Kalman滤波技术,有效防止了SINS/GPS组合导航系统的滤波发散。采用自适应运算法则,从理论上证明了渐消卡尔曼滤波器的稳定性,得到了滤波器稳定要求的新的条件,与以往研究比较,条件更为宽泛。分别进行了SINS/GPS常规卡尔曼滤波仿真和渐消卡尔曼滤波仿真,结果表明:采用渐消卡尔曼滤波技术在工程实践上可以有效提高无人机的导航定位精度,并且易于工程实现。     

基于车辆定位的北京公交智能调度指挥系统

介绍了先进的北京市公共交通智能调度指挥系统 ,包括其各个子系统。着重描述其中的公交车辆定位系统 ,该系统采用高精度的差分 GPS、无线数据传输和话音调度 ,利用已有的模拟集群通信系统 ,终端显示为先进的地理信息系统。整个系统将给调度员提供方便、直观、含位置及状态的全方位车辆信息 ,提高公共交通运营的效率     

Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

多频GNSS电离层折射误差修正方法CSCD

针对电离层折射误差较大的特点,分别对GPS(Global Positioning System)和BDS(Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System)的单一频率的电离层折射误差进行了分析,并将不同频率进行线性组合,计算出组合后的电离层折射误差。此方法修正了双频一阶项、三频一阶项和三频二阶项电离层折射误差。由于电离层延迟修正的同时会放大观测噪声,为此分析比较了不同频率组合修正后的观测噪声,为最佳频率组合的选取提供了理论方法。     

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.