基于星座图恢复的PSK信号调制方式盲识别

针对非协作通信条件下PSK信号识别问题,提出了一种基于星座图恢复的MPSK/MDPSK信号调制方式盲识别系统.该系统不需要信号任何先验信息,星座图恢复所需的参数如载波频率、符号速率、位定时信息均从接收序列中估计得到,同时,在系统中采用相位差分的方法以消除由载波估计偏差引起的星座图扩散.提出并定义信号隶属度函数,该函数利用星座图盲聚类得到的聚类中心的数目计算隶属度来实现MPSK和MDPSK信号调制方式识别.仿真表明,在AWGN信道条件下,当SNR＞11dB时,对所有信号的识别率大于90%,对于BPSK、4PSK信号在SNR＞6dB时识别率达到100%,证明了该算法的有效性.     

微缝共振器的非线性吸声机理

为模拟高声压级时微缝处涡声相互作用现象并计算微缝声阻抗,发展了一种离散涡模型.联合微缝离散涡模型和一维声传播模型,计算了微缝共振器的声阻抗和吸声系数.数值结果表明,微缝声学性质主要取决于涡脱落和脱落涡层的演化;共振器的吸声系数随着入射声压级的增加而增大;入射声波频率对共振器吸声系数有显著影响.研究结果和先前直接数值模拟...     

基于《产品几何技术规范(GPS)》的最新变动

如何正确理解《产品几何技术规范(GPS)》的最新国家标准,只有将其重要的定义、概念、名称等与之相对应的旧国标对照,才可以做到心中有数,才能将这最重要的基础性标准了解清楚,从而更好、更准确地掌握和应用它。     

地基单站GPS探测大气折射环境

基于地基单站双频GPS接收机,提出了实时遥感探测大气折射环境（包括对流层折射率剖面与电离层电子密度剖面）的方法,并经过实验验证可行。在对流层方面,改进精密单点定位技术使得对流层低仰角斜延迟可以实时解算,然后利用相关向量机方法反演得到对流层折射率剖面;在电离层方面,采用Kalman滤波技术消除硬件延迟得到电离层TEC,基于IRI模型,利用遗传算法反演得到电离层电子密度剖面。此研究为大气折射环境的实时、高效、低成本探测提供了一种新手段。     

Effects of simulated weightlessness on the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats

This study employed a rat tail-suspension model to investigate the effects of simulated weightlessness on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (CON), 14-day tail-suspension (SUS-14d), and 21-day tail-suspension (SUS-21d) groups (n = 8 per group). Expression of occludin and zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), proteins of the tight junction (TJ), in the intestinal mucosa was measured by immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and mRNA fluorescent quantitation PCR. Plasma concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. Expression of occludin and ZO-1 was reduced in the SUS-14d and SUS-21d groups as compared to the CON group, with lowest expression observed in the SUS-21d group (P < 0.01). Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the jejunal epithelium revealed increased intercellular space, decreased TJ and desmosome densities, and destruction of microvilli in the SUS-14d and SUS-21d groups. Plasma DAO and d-lactate concentrations in the SUS-21d group were higher than those in SUS-14d group and significantly higher than those in the CON group (P < 0.01). In all three groups, the expression of occludin and ZO-1 was found to correlate negatively with DAO (P < 0.01) and d-lactate (P < 0.01) concentrations. It is concluded that simulated weightless results in down-regulation of expression of TJ proteins in the rat intestinal mucosa. Simulated weightlessness is proposed to increase intestinal permeability through damage to the TJ.     

GPS derived ionospheric TEC response to geomagnetic storm on 24 August 2005 at Indian low latitude stations

Results pertaining to the response of the low latitude ionosphere to a major geomagnetic storm that occurred on 24 August 2005 are presented. The dual frequency GPS data have been analyzed to retrieve vertical total electron content at two Indian low latitude stations (IGS stations) Hyderabad (Geographic latitude 17°20′N, Geographic longitude 78°30′E, Geomagnetic latitude 8.65°N) and Bangalore (Geographic latitude 12°58′N, Geographic longitude 77°33′E, Geomagnetic latitude 4.58°N). These results show variation of GPS derived total electron content (TEC) due to geomagnetic storm effect, local low latitude electrodynamics response to penetration of high latitude convection electric field and effect of modified fountain effect on GPS–TEC in low latitude zone.     

GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

Impact of covariance information of kinematic positions on orbit reconstruction and gravity field recovery

Gravity missions are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD) and for the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. As positions of low Earth orbiters (LEOs) may be determined from GPS measurements at each observation epoch by geometric means only, it is attractive to derive such kinematic positions in a first step and to use them in a second step as pseudo-observations for gravity field determination. The drawback of not directly using the original GPS measurements is, however, that kinematic positions are correlated due to the ambiguities in the GPS carrier phase observations, which in principle requires covariance information be taken into account. We use GRACE data to show that dynamic or reduced-dynamic orbit parameters are not optimally reconstructed from kinematic positions when only taking epoch-wise covariance information into account, but that essentially the same orbit quality can be achieved as when directly using the GPS measurements, if correlations in time are taken into account over sufficiently long intervals. For orbit reconstruction covariances have to be considered up to one revolution period to avoid ambiguity-induced variations of kinematic positions being erroneously interpreted as orbital variations. For gravity field recovery the advantage is, however, not very pronounced.     

GNSS water vapour tomography – Expected improvements by combining GPS,GLONASS and Galileo observations

The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) operates a GNSS water vapour tomography system using about 350 German GNSS stations. The GNSS data processing at the GFZ works in near real-time and provides zenith total delays, integrated water vapour and slant delay data operationally. This large data set of more than 50,000 slant delays per hour is used to reconstruct spatially resolved humidity fields by means of tomographic techniques. It can be expected that additional observations from the future Galileo system provide more information with improved quality. A simulation study covering 12 h at 14 July 2009 was therefore started to estimate the impact of GPS, Galileo and GLONASS data on the GNSS tomography. It is shown that the spatial coverage of the atmosphere with slant paths is highly improved by combining observations from two or three satellite systems. Equally important for a reliable tomographic reconstruction is the distribution of slant path intersections as they are required to locate the integrated delay information. The number of intersection points can be increased by a factor of 4 or 8 if two or three systems are combined and their distribution will cover larger regions of the atmosphere. The combined data sets can be used to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of the reconstructed humidity fields up to 30 km horizontally, 300 m vertically and 15 min. The reconstruction quality could not be improved considerably using the currently available techniques.     

GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现

GPS接收机载波相位测量的精度优于码相位测量,但却存在整周模糊度。利用码和载波相位测量的组合可以提高伪距的精度,进而改善接收机的定位性能。研究GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现方法。通过处理实际采集的信号,分析码和载波相位测量组合方法的性能。实验结果表明,通过50 s的平滑,伪距误差可以减小到毫米量级。