Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

动基座下INS/GPS组合导航系统初始对准研究

为了提高INS/GPS组合导航系统在动基座下的对准精度及对准快速性,针对位置/速度组合模式,确定其动基座下初始对准卡尔曼滤波方案,并进行计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,卡尔曼滤波算法在INS/GPS组合导航系统动基座初始对准中精度较高、收敛速度快、对水平失准角有较好的估计效果,是一种有效的估计方法。     

基于GPS的静止轨道卫星自主定轨技术研究

分析了在静止轨道上GPS星的可见性情况,提出了判别GPS星是否可见的标准。然后,对自主定轨方法进行了研究,提出了将强跟踪滤波方法作为导航滤波方法,并进行数学仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,此项技术是可行的,文中的导航滤波方法是十分有效的。     

GPS伪距测量定位直接解算法研究

由于高动态目标对定位实时性要求高 ,GPS伪距测量方程的求解采用直接解算法。不同于一般的直接解算法 ,导航方程中考虑测量噪声的存在。文中导出了直接解算定位信息的公式 ,并对算法在空间定位中解算结果的存在性、唯一性和稳定性进行了讨论。     

捷联式重力仪在海洋测量中的应用与数据处理

针对海洋重力测量对重力测量系统的要求,给出了一种捷联式海洋重力仪SAG-2M,论述了系统组成、工作原理、特点和数据处理流程。利用近期获得的某海域重力测量数据,评估了捷联式重力仪精度。测量结果表明,重复测线的重力异常曲线吻合度较高,交叉点不符值精度约为1.2mGal,满足海洋重力测量的指标要求。     

基于最小二乘递推估计的GPS定位算法

首先从理论上证明了几何精度因子随卫星数目的增加而减小.然后提出了基于现有软件的几何精度因子和定位解的递推算法.该算法从剩余的可见卫星中选取使GDOP₅达到最小的第五颗星,利用这颗卫星提供的定位信息对四星定位解进行修正.最后给出了第五颗星的选择方法,算法的目的是以最小的计算量换取定位精度的有效提高.     

MIMU/GPS嵌入式组合导航中GPS信号非相干搜索算法分析

对于GPS信号的搜索捕获采用长积分时间相干搜索算法,会导致频率的搜索范围增加,而采用非相干积分搜索算法将增加平方损失．针对非相干搜索算法中由于多普勒频移估计偏差和码移估计偏差的影响而导致的平方损失,提出了基于微惯性测量单元MIMU／GPS嵌入式组合导航辅助的时域非相干搜索算法来提高对卫星信号的捕获能力,并对其捕获性进行仿真分析研究．结果表明,采用MIMU辅助的时域非相干搜索算法可以提高对GPS信号的捕获能力．     

基于凸优化技术的多目标鲁棒滤波组合导航方法

Kalman滤波在组合导航中的应用已很广泛,但是,在系统不确定情况下,误差出现发散,精度下降,采用的基于Riccati方程的H∞滤波技术对系统噪声的不确定性则具有一定的鲁棒性,但性能参数选取仅能凭经验而无系统的方法,给工程实践带来一定困难.根据现代控制理论最优控制理论思想,使用凸优化技术设计鲁棒混合H2/H∞滤波器融合高精度的GPS和CNS量测信息,解决系统不确定性问题,通过在惯性/卫星/天文组合系统中的半物理数据仿真进一步对混合H2/H∞滤波和H∞滤波算法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,真实器件噪声情况下,鲁棒混合H2/H∞滤波算法明显具有良好的精度.     

单频GPS接收机校频算法

基于工程实践介绍了单频单通道GPS接收机校频的基本算法、校频结果显著性的统计检验、数据采集和处理方法,并基于大量观测数据给出了校频不确定度。     

一种实用的GPS/电子地图坐标转换算法

在GPS车辆定位导航系统中，需将GPS接收到的定位数据在电子地图中实时地且示出来。GPS定位数据属于WGS—84坐标系，而电子地图坐标系系54北京坐标系的高斯平面投影。本文详细讨论了几种坐标系之间的坐标转换问题，并给出了具体算法，将GPS数据转换为电子地图所需的数据形式，并进行了跑车试验，结果表明，该算法实用有效。