GPS导航电文参数表示的测距误差分析

针对在GPS现代化进程中将出现的新的CNAV/CNAV-2导航电文格式,比较了目前发播的GPS NAV导航电文与新电文在数据表达方式上的差别.为了衡量不同的数据截断方式对于导航定位的影响,引用导航数据截断测距误差的概念进行分析.利用实际的导航数据对于两种电文结构进行了仿真生成、处理,比较星历/星钟参数截断带来的测距误差影响.结果表明:相比于NAV电文,CNAV/CNAV-2由于截断所造成的测距误差更小,NAV电文对截断误差更敏感.其中星历参数截断的测距误差改善可达厘米级,星钟参数截断的测距误差改善可达分米级.因此,在带宽有限的条件下应优先考虑提高星钟参数的表示精度.改进星钟参数的表达形式可望获得更高的精度提升.     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.     

Radio occultation electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites over the Brazilian region: A comparison with Digisonde data

This study aims to validate the electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites with data from Digisondes in Brazil during the low solar activity period of the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. Data from three Brazilian Digisondes located in Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W), São Luís (2.5°S, 44.2°W) and Fortaleza (3.8°S, 38°W) were used in the comparisons. Only the profiles whose density peak have been obtained near the stations coordinates were chosen for the comparison. Although there is generally good agreement, some cases of discrepancies are observed. Some of these discrepancies cannot be explained simply by the differences in the position and local time of the measurements made by the satellite and the ground-based station. In such cases it is possible that local conditions, such as the presence of a trans-equatorial wind or electron density gradients, could contribute to the observed differences. Comparison of the F2 layer peak parameters, the NmF2 and hmF2, obtained from the two techniques showed that, in general, the agreement for NmF2 is pretty good and the NmF2 has a better correlation than hmF2. Cachoeira Paulista had the worst correlation for hmF2 possibly because this station is situated in the region under the influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly, a region where it is more difficult to apply the RO technique without violating the spherical symmetry condition.     

Adjustable box-wing model for solar radiation pressure impacting GPS satellites

One of the major uncertainty sources affecting Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite orbits is the direct solar radiation pressure. In this paper a new model for the solar radiation pressure on GPS satellites is presented that is based on a box-wing satellite model, and assumes nominal attitude. The box-wing model is based on the physical interaction between solar radiation and satellite surfaces, and can be adjusted to fit the GPS tracking data.     

A 12 year comparison of MIDAS and IRI 2007 ionospheric Total Electron Content

Data assimilation in conventional meteorological applications uses measurements in conjunction with a physical model. In the case of the ionised region of the upper atmosphere, the ionosphere, assimilation techniques are much less mature. The empirical model known as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) could be used to augment data-sparse regions in an ionospheric now-cast and forecast system. In doing so, it is important that it does not introduce systematic biases to the result. Here, the IRI model is compared to ionospheric observations from the Global Positioning System satellites over Europe and North America. Global Positioning System data are processed into hour-to-hour monthly averages of vertical Total Electron Content using a tomographic technique. A period of twelve years, from January 1998 to December 2009, is analysed in order to capture variations over the whole solar cycle. The study shows that the IRI model underestimates Total Electron Content in the daytime at solar maximum by up to 37% compared to the monthly average of GPS tomographic images, with the greatest differences occurring at the equinox. IRI shows good agreement at other times. Errors in TEC are likely due to peak height and density inaccuracies. IRI is therefore a suitable model for specification of monthly averages of Total Electron Content and can be used to initialise a data assimilation process at times away from solar maximum. It may be necessary to correct for systematic deviations from IRI at solar maximum, and to incorporate error estimation into a data assimilation scheme.     

基于卫星授时控制器的设计与实现

针对一些小型试验场或舰船上的条件局限性,对授时、控制等参试设备提出了更高的要求,希望提供一种功能全面、携带方便的小型化设备,用以满足试验的多种需求.为解决这个问题,研制了新一代时统设备——卫星授时控制器.基于GPS（全球定位系统）/BDS-Ⅱ（“北斗”二代）卫星授时原理,采用功能较强的微控制器和可编程器件产生多种时频信号、控制信号和模拟导航信息,实现了定时、控制、接收和产生等多重功能,提高了设备的集成性、通用性和便携性;同时采用倍频、锁相、驯服等技术,使设备10 MHz频率源的准确度提高2个量级,卫星同步精度优于50 ns.该控制器已成功应用于移动测控站和舰船试验中,效果良好.     

人类“自由飞行”的梦想何时实现

本文阐述了自由飞行的概念及其对人类生活和环境所带来的益处,讨论了实现自由飞行需要依靠的技术支撑,分析了美国及欧洲当前GPS的形势及其对实现自由飞行进程的影响.     

高动态GPS接收机的一种设计方案

为了同时满足高动态 GPS接收机动态性能和跟踪精度两方面的需要 ,提出了 FL L和 PL L 相混合的载波跟踪方案。综合了多通道串并组合的伪码快捕方式、基于叉积自动频率跟踪算法的载波跟踪方法以及载波辅助技术等 ,分析了载波频率跟踪和载波相位跟踪的性能 ,介绍了硬件结构。所研制的样机经动态模拟试验表明 ,其动态范围已达到了相对速度 0～ 10 km/s、相对加速度 0～ 10 g、相对加加速度 0～ 4 g/s、初始捕获时间小于 1min。     

十二通道GPS信号发生器的硬件设计

分析十二通道 GPS信号发生器的系统结构 ,提出由计算机完成信号处理、PCI板卡完成信号调制的设计形式 ,并详细介绍 PCI板卡上 DSP和 FPGA的具体设计方法和各器件的选择考虑 ,分析 NCO主要参数的计算方法以及数字量化带来的系统误差     

GPS自适应调零天线中功率反演算法的数字实现

主要介绍了功率反演(PI)算法的基本原理和主要特性,以及在数字电路中的设计方法和功能实现。数字处理和软件控制使得系统灵活性好,功能丰富。