Comparison of model and experimental ionospheric parameters at high latitudes

Modern use and study of the auroral region needs to attract a wider class of models for describing conditions of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere. In this paper the possibilities of the International Reference Ionosphere model, well-proven and widespread in the mid-latitudes, are investigated in the high latitude zone. Model and measured values of the critical frequency foF2 for two mid-latitude stations (Juliusruh and Goosebay) and four high-latitude ones (Loparskaya, Sodankyla, Sondrestrom, Thule) are compared. Deviations of medians, variations from day to day and solar activity trends seemed to be similar for both areas. This similarity is irrespective of the RZ12 index. Special attention is paid to the TEC parameter and its determination using 6 versions of models, a new version of the model IRI2010 (IRI-Plas) among them. It is shown that the IRI-Plas model significantly improves the definition of TEC in contrast to the versions of IRI2007 and the new model NeQuick. The use of the median of the experimental equivalent slab thickness, together with the current values of the TEC, increases by a factor of two the agreement between calculated and measured foF2 values as compared with the variations from day to day. This allows foF2 to be defined in near-real time.     

分步北斗三频部分模糊度解算方法

针对动态环境下半周模糊度导致全集模糊度难以固定的问题,提出了一种分步北斗三频部分模糊度解算方法.该方法首先基于半周模糊度特性,设计了一种连续观测历元部分模糊度解算(COE-PAR)方法,初步筛选出质量较优的模糊度子集,减少了后续部分模糊度解算的计算量.进一步设计了一种逐级部分模糊度解算(CPAR)方法,通过多种基于观测质量的模糊度筛选方法对超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷模糊度进行逐级部分固定,获得了不含半周模糊度的部分模糊度固定解.最后通过动态车载实验验证了方法的有效性.实验结果表明,分步北斗三频部分模糊度解算方法可有效提高动对动相对定位的模糊度固定率.城市动态环境下,与传统全集模糊度解算方法相比,Ratio检验后的模糊度固定率从91％提高至100％,相对定位误差降低了 18％～79％;同时,COE-PAR方法减少了 CPAR方法中模糊度剔除时最小二乘模糊度降相关平差(LAMBDA)算法约55％的执行次数.     

基于GA-SVM的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法

针对提高大范围土壤湿度测量精度的问题,研究了土壤湿度的全球卫星导航系统干涉测量法（GNSS-IR）,提出了一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的土壤湿度反演模型,利用遗传算法（GA）的自动寻优功能寻找SVM的最佳参数。结果表明,GA-SVM模型在测试集上得到的土壤湿度反演值与实测值的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）仅为0.69%,最大相对误差（MRE）为1.22%,线性回归方程决定系数达到了0.956 9。进一步与统计回归、粒子群优化的SVM模型（PSO-SVM）及反向传播（BP）神经网络方法进行对比,结果说明:在样本数目有限的情况下,GA-SVM方法更适用于土壤湿度的GNSS-IR技术反演,且反演精度较高,泛化性能良好。      

一种GNSS双频信号跟踪的新方法

在双频接收机双频L1辅助L2跟踪方法基础上提出一种GNSS双频信号载波和差联合跟踪新方法。该算法能够克服传统的L1辅助L2跟踪方法L2信号能得到L1信号辅助信息、而L1信号得不到L2信号任何辅助信息的固有缺点。仿真结果表明：该和差联合跟踪方法相比传统的双频信号跟踪算法能够耦合双频信号实现其相互辅助跟踪,具有提高GNSS双频信号的跟踪稳健性和灵敏度等优点。     

On the uncertainties in the measurement of absolute (true) TEC over Indian equatorial and low latitude sectors

The Indian sector encompasses the equatorial and low latitude regions where the ionosphere is highly dynamic and is characterized by the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) resulting in large latitudinal electron density gradients causing errors and uncertainties in the estimation of range delays in satellite based navigation systems. The diurnal and seasonal variations of standard deviations in the TEC data measured during the low sunspot period 2004–2005 at 10 different Indian stations located from equator to the anomaly crest region and beyond are examined and presented. The day-to-day variability in TEC is found to be lowest at the equatorial station and increases with latitude up to the crest region of EIA and decreases beyond.     

Study of TEC changes during geomagnetic storms occurred near the crest of the equatorial ionospheric ionization anomaly in the Indian sector

GPS satellites data obtained at Bhopal (23.16° N, 77.36° E, geomagnetic latitude 14.23° N) India were analyzed to study the TEC changes during several geomagnetic storms (−300 nT < Dst < −50 nT) occurred in 2005–2007. We had segregated the storms according to the Dst value, i.e. moderate storms (−100 nT < Dst ? −50 nT), strong storms (−150 nT < Dst < −100 nT), and severe storms (Dst less than −150 nT). Total of 21 geomagnetic storms (10 moderate, 9 strong, 2 severe) are considered for the present study. Deviation in vertical total electron content (VTEC) during the main phase of the storm was found to be associated with the prompt penetration of electric field originated due to the under-shielding and over-shielding conditions for almost all geomagnetic storms discussed in this paper. For most of the storms VTEC shows the positive percentage deviation during the main phase while it shows positive as well as the negative deviation during the recovery phase of the storms. The −80% deviation in VTEC was found for geomagnetic storm occurred on July 17, 2005 and the negative trend continued for recovery phase of the storm. This was mainly due to the thermospheric composition changes by Joule heating effect at auroral latitudes that generate electric field disturbance at low latitudes. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were responsible for the formation of wave like nature in VTEC for the storms occurred on May 15, 2005, whereas it was not observed for storm occurred on August 24, 2005.     

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.