基于北斗/GNSS精密时频量值传递综述

介绍了北斗/GNSS精密时间频率量值传递技术及其应用研究进展,通过对北斗共视比对技术的研究,设计出利用北斗共视与国家授时中心GNSS CV精密时间服务系统进行比对,从而实现用户与标准时间UTC的溯源完成基于GNSS CV技术的时间频率计量服务系统设计,创新性地提出提高北斗共视比对技术以及研制多模多频GNSS CV量值传递设备的研究方向。     

新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.     

Trans-ionospheric GPS signal delay gradients observed over mid-latitude Europe during the geomagnetic storms of October–November 2003

Ionospheric disturbances are known to have adverse effects on the satellite-based communication and navigation. One particular type of ionospheric effects, observed during major geomagnetic storms and threatening the integrity performance of both ground-based and space-based GNSS augmentation systems, is the sharp increase/decrease in the ionospheric delay that propagates in horizontal direction, thus called for convenience ‘moving ionospheric wall’. This paper presents preliminary results from researching such anomalous ionospheric delay gradients at European middle latitudes during the storm events of 29 October 2003 and 20 November 2003. For the purpose, 30-s GPS data from the Belgian permanent network was used for calculating and analysing the slant ionospheric delay and total electron content values. It has been found that, during these two particular storm events, substantial gradients did occur in Europe although they were not so pronounced as in the American sector.     

卫星编队自主相对导航与通信一体化系统探讨

探讨了一种新的卫星编队自主相对导航与通信系统一体化系统设计方案,提出了基于软件无线电的半双工CDMA测量通信一体化系统,实现自主相对导航和星间通信的一体化功能,通信数据和导航测量数据也统一在一个数据帧中传输,不需要独立的星间网络通信系统和增加额外的通信频段进行通信数据传输。系统采用S波段,详细阐述了系统架构和工作原理,分析了系统性能,并进行了仿真验证。     

真北方位基准标定与惯导测试设备引北技术

为了标校惯导产品诸如寻北仪的真北方位,需要在室内建立真北方位基准,并把真北方位引入惯导产品和测试转台等设备。主要探讨了真北方位基准标定和设备引北的有关实用方法,例如：基于双测站的天文定向、基于同步网的GNSS定向、经纬仪对向观测方法,并给出了综合运用这些方法的技术措施和适用性,以及典型实例。20年来,这些技术已在所完成的上百个此类项目中得到了成功运用,实测结果稳定;利用双测站的天文定向方法,通过两站方位传递,一般观测3~6测回,在良好的观测环境下,一般可获得高于经纬仪标称精度的定向结果。     

基于相位平滑伪距的GNSS时差监测评估

随着全球卫星导航系统进一步的发展和完善,在系统层面上对各个GNSS进行实时时差监测是必要的。为了降低时差监测中伪距观测值的观测噪声及多径误差对时差监测的影响,采用相位平滑伪距的方法对伪距观测值的噪声及多径误差进行平滑,该方法可以实时地对伪距观测值进行处理,并且具有较好的平滑效果。利用平滑后的伪距观测值进行时差监测可以将时差监测值的标准差由2~4ns降低到1~3ns,噪声降低比率平均在20%以上。在与BIPM公布的时差数据相比,GPS-GLONASS实测值也具有较好的一致性,可以满足GNSS时差监测与预报的需求。     

Seasonal variations of storm-time TEC at European middle latitudes

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements of the Total Electron Content (TEC) from local (Dourbes, 50.1°N, 04.6°E) and European IGS (International GNSS Service) stations were used to obtain the TEC changes during the geomagnetic storms of the latest solar activity cycle. A common epoch analysis, with respect to geomagnetic storm intensity, season, and latitude, was performed on data representing nearly 300 storm events. In general, the storm-time behaviour of TEC shows clear positive and negative phases, relative to the non-storm (median) behaviour, with amplitudes that tend to increase during more intense storms. The most pronounced positive phase is observed during winter, while the strongest and yet shortest negative phase is detected during equinox. Average storm-time patterns in the TEC behaviour are deduced for potential use in ionosphere prediction services.     

GNSS实时卫星钟差估计在地震监测中的应用

为快速、有效地获取地震发生阶段震源周边地区站点的动态位移,为地震预警系统提供高可靠性的地表形变信息,利用全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)高频观测数据,基于非差估计法对多模GNSS卫星钟差进行实时估计及性能分析,并将其应用于精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)实时计算2021年漾濞M_w6.4地震和玛多M_w 7.4地震的地面动态形变。结果表明,GNSS四系统实时估计卫星钟差的标准差(standard deviation, STD)均值为0.142 ns,其多系统组合PPP动态解的平均标准差在水平方向达到0.5 cm,高程方向达到1.0 cm,计算得到的地震动态位移波形相对GPS单系统更为稳定,而且能够获得较为准确的同震形变。     

GBAS在终端区的应用

地基增强系统（GBAS）是一个基于卫星导航技术,并且综合了地面、空中、机载三部分设备的集成系统。它是GNSS的增强系统。本文详细分析了GBAS的系统组成、功能、优点以及GBAS在终端区的应用。     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.