含高氮化合物BTATz的CMDB推进剂特性

以新型高氮化合物3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BTATz)取代RDX制得了BTATz-CMDB推进剂试样,获得了燃速结果,并利用TG-DTG,PDSC,单幅照相、燃烧波温度分布和熄火表面形貌及元素含量测试技术对推进剂的热分解特性及燃烧特性进行了系统研究。结果发现,BTATz的氧平衡值较低,用其取代双基推进剂中的NC和NG后,推进剂的各能量特性参量出现不同程度的降低,因此,BTATz在推进剂中的含量不宜太高。BTATz-CMDB推进剂适用于常规无溶剂成型工艺进行制造;BTATz在燃速提升方面具有突出潜力,尤其在对推进剂主放热反应催化加速的催化体系(邻苯二甲酸铅、己二酸铜和炭黑的混合物)作用下,燃速提升效果更加明显;BTATz-CMDB推进剂燃烧时的火焰符合双基系推进剂火焰的一般特征,但由于BTATz不存在类似RDX那样的熔融过程,该类推进剂燃烧产生了发散火焰束,燃烧表面由熔融状变为疏松珊瑚状,火焰强度增强;随着压强升高,燃烧表面产生发散火焰束的活性点增多,暗区迅速变薄,增加了火焰区向燃烧表面的热反馈,加速了燃烧反应;催化体系对推进剂燃烧反应的气相区影响不大,它加强了凝聚相及表面附近的放热反应,改变了推进剂燃烧表面的结构,在推进剂燃烧过程中,催化剂(新生态)在推进剂的燃烧表面富集,催化了推进剂的分解和燃烧,促进了推进剂燃速的提高。     

基于PE文件的病毒防治技术研究

本文提出了两种防范PE文件病毒的技术:一种是分析PE文件格式和病毒对PE文件的感染方式,通过PE自身文件结构的改进来防范病毒;另一种是基于PE文件自我完整性检查的计算机病毒的免疫方法,采用单向散列函数MD5算法抽取摘要,通过比较两个摘要值来判断是否存在病毒,如果存在病毒启用恢复程序来恢复文件。相对于传统的特征码匹配方法,这些技术不依靠病毒库,可以防范未知病毒。     

5A90铝锂合金的蠕变时效行为及机理

研究了在不同时效温度和应力水平的影响下,5A90铝锂合金的蠕变时效行为和微观组织及力学性能演变规律和机理。实验采取先加载后加热的方法,即考虑了蠕变时效非等温阶段。结果表明:在恒定外加应力175MPa下,加热至100、130和160℃时的非等温蠕变应变分别为0.026%、0.036%和0.069%;160℃下等温阶段保持18 h后的蠕变应变达到1.207%,远大于130℃下的0.079%和100℃下的0.039%;蠕变应变速率随温度升高而增加;由于蠕变损伤,160℃下出现蠕变第3阶段。研究了130℃下不同应力水平对微观组织和力学性能演变的影响,发现应力为175 MPa时,非等温蠕变变形很明显,但在125和150 MPa下加热至120℃之前不会发生蠕变,并且等温蠕变应变随应力增大而增加;较高的应力可以促进δ′(Al3Li)、S(Al2MgLi)相的析出和长大;在蠕变时效初期,应力越大,位错密度越小,而在蠕变时效的后期则相反;与125和150 MPa相比,合金在175 MPa下蠕变时效初期表现出最低的强度和最好的塑性,而在蠕变时效后期则相反,这归因于位错强化和δ′相强化之间的协同作用。     

嫦娥五号轻量化高精度上升器结构设计

针对嫦娥五号上升器结构面临的轻量化设计要求严苛、有效载荷接口精度要求极高和有效载荷指向变化预示精度要求很高的难题,提出至顶向下的结构轻量化设计方法,使得上升器结构自重降低到整器重量的6.2%(47.758 kg);建立压紧和精度保持功能分离、双坐标系分级实现高精度的结构设计方法,实现相关有效载荷的结构安装接口精度达到400 mm×400 mm区域平面度小于或者等于0.05 mm;探索出综合了有效载荷自身和安装结构耦合效应的有效载荷在轨指向变化预示方法,实现准确、高效、快速地对有效载荷指向变化进行角秒级高精度评估。这些方法支持完成中国月面无人自动采样返回任务,并最终促进中国航天器结构技术的发展。     

Ariane 5 GTO debris mitigation using natural perturbations

GTO objects can potentially collide with operative satellites in LEO and GEO protected regions. Internationally accepted debris mitigation guidelines require that these objects exit these protected regions within 25?years, e.g. by re-entering and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, an inventory of the GTO debris generated from Ariane 5 launches in the period 2012–2017 is provided, and it is expected that none of these objects will re-enter within 25?years. For future launches, natural perturbations can be exploited to increase compliance with mitigation guidelines without the use of extra propellant or complex de-orbiting systems, which is attractive from an economic point of view. The lifetime of GTO objects is very sensitive to initial conditions and some environmental and body-related parameters, mainly due to the effect of solar gravity on the perigee altitude. As a consequence, the lifetime of a specific GTO object cannot be predicted accurately, but its probability of re-entering in less than 25?years can be estimated with proper accuracy by following a statistical approach. By propagating the orbits of over 800,000 simulated Ariane 5 GTO objects, it was found that the launch time leading to the highest probability of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines for GEO launches from Kourou corresponds to about 2 PM local time, regardless of the date of launch, which leads to compliance rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Current practice is to launch at around 5–9?PM, so a change in procedures would be required in order to reach a higher degree of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines, which was predicted to be on average below 20% for the objects generated in the period 2012–2017.     

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

3,4-双(3',5'-二硝基苯-1'-基)氧化呋咱的热 行为和非等温热分解动力学研究

为了评价含能材料3,4-双(3',5 '-二硝基苯-l'-基)氧化呋咱(BDPF)的热稳定性和安全性,采用DSC、PDSC和'G/DTG方法对其进行了热行为及非等温热分解动力学研究.通过Kissinger和Ozawa's法得到常压下热分解反应的动力学参数(Ea和A)为180.46 kJ·mol-1和1015.29 s-...     

3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪-1,4-丁二胺盐的制备和热分解动力学及热安全性

利用3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BTATz)和1,4-丁二胺,在DMSO中合成出了标题化合物。采用元素分析和红外光谱分析,测定了其结构。用DSC和TG/DTG热分析仪,对标题化合物进行了热分解行为及热分解动力学研究。结果表明,化合物的热分解过程只有一个放热阶段,该阶段的非等温热分解反应动力学方程的活化能和指前因子分别为92.95 kJ/mol和1016.58s-1。采用MicroDSCⅢ量热仪中的连续比定压热容测定模式,测定了化合物的比定压热容,比定压热容随温度呈现二次方关系,且298.15 K下的标准摩尔热容为443.22 J/(mol.K)。计算得到化合物的自加速分解温度(TSADT)、热爆炸临界温度(Tb)和绝热至爆时间分别为521.55、536.73 K和36.97 s。