高精度频率分辨在振动信号辨识中的应用

发动机振动信号处理通常采用DASP软件进行。由于软件功能限制,DASP处理采样频率为50 kHz发动机振动信号时,频谱的频率分辨率最高精度仅为12.2 Hz,导致对微弱及故障信号的辨识较为困难。本文采用抗混叠低通滤波、信号抽取及短时傅里叶变换相结合的信号分析方法,有效提高了频率分辨率的精度,最高精度达到1.2 Hz,达到了理想的频率辨识效果。     

A Raw Signal Simulator for Bistatic SAR

This article proposes a new efficient raw signal simulator for the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based on 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) to deal with cases of both ideal trajectory and trajectory deviation. It begins with analyzing the geometric configuration and the range history of the bistatic SAR in side-looking and squint modes of ideal trajectory as well as trajectory deviation. Then a detailed and mathematical study is conducted on the equivalence relation of bistatic-to-monostatic applications (BTMA) in the case of ideal trajectory and trajectory deviation. Also a set of formulas are derived for the equivalence relation between bistatic SAR and monostatic SAR on some reasonable assumptions. Therefore, the application of the simulation method based on the 2D FFT for the monostatic SAR can be extended to the case of bistatic SAR. Finally, the simulation results prove the validity of this method. By comparing the efficiency of the proposed method with that of the time domain method, it is shown that the former is a few orders of magnitude higher.     

基于分数阶模糊函数延时对消的海面运动弱目标检测

研究了分数阶模糊函数的时移特性,根据此特性提出了基于分数阶模糊函数延时对消的海面运动弱目标检测方法.通过对IPIX实测数据验证表明,该方法在增加目标与杂波FRFT峰值差、提高信杂比以及检测概率等方面都明显优于仅对回波作分数阶模糊函数.设置适当的恒虚警检测门限,该检测方法能够达到更好的检测效果.     

PCB电源地层腔模辐射快速算法

电路板电源总线的分析非常复杂,虽然传统腔模方法是分析电路板电源总线的一种非常有效的方法,但是该方法具有收敛速度慢,计算时间长和不能分析电源总线辐射发射的缺点.在该算法的基础上,改进二重级数和形式的电源总线辐射发射方法并提出了单一级数和形式的电源总线辐射发射表达式.在此基础上指出了单一级数腔模理论解的适用条件,并对该快速算法的收敛性进行了分析.分析表明,该方法减少了传统二重级数求和的计算工作量,提高了收敛效率并节省了计算时间,而且能够有效逼近双级数腔模辐射算法的计算结果.通过对电路板的辐射发射数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性和正确性.     

基于小波分析的目标轨道机动自主检测方法

空间目标的轨道机动是与相对距离变化率的突变联系在一起的.测量值是通过星载激光雷达得到的目标的相对距离,特征量是采用微分平滑处理获得的相对距离变化率.由于测量噪声的影响,机动引起的特征量突变被淹没在噪声中.利用小波分析的多尺度分解,就能够把淹没在噪声中的特征量变化揭示出来.为了满足星上自主运算的要求,提出的机动检测方法就是基于对小波分解后信号的处理,通过对相关系数阈值的比较来检测特征量的突变.仿真结果验证了该检测方法的可行性和有效性.      

桥函数及广义桥函数的研究进展

桥函数和广义桥函数均为三值函数系,都是将初始序列经复制方式和移位方式变换后而形成的.它们包括了一些常见的非正弦正交函数,如沃尔什函数和方波函数等.简要介绍了近10年来北京航空航天大学通信与电子系统博士点在非正弦正交函数方面研究的一些新进展,重点介绍了复制理论和广义复制方法,桥函数、广义桥函数的复制生成方法、性质及其应用等专题.      

常见波形级数

除了正余弦函数,锯齿波、方波、三角波、梯形波也是电子学中的常见波形.借助数论中的一个公式,给出了常见波形与正余弦函数之间的一个重要关系,把基于正余弦函数的经典傅里叶级数推广为基于电子学常见波形的一般频率级数,简称常见波形级数.这一推广给出了信号与常见波形间的联系,使得用常见波形的叠加表示信号成为可能,在理论上和技术上都具有重要意义.      

单片宽带频谱分析芯片设计

文章介绍了单片宽带实时频谱分析芯片的设计原理和方法,并在FPGA上进行了原型验证。设计中采用了基于多相滤波器组的下变频方案,并对下变频后每一路数据进行重叠加窗处理。为了减小芯片面积,对后端的FFT分析模块进行了优化设计,提出了将两条蝶形运算级合并为一条流水线的新型FFT设计构架。该设计可以不间断地处理数据,从而实现信号的无缝捕获。     

Fourier变换的基本格式与PSD非参数估计

以传统Fourier变换为基础的非参数估计方法是振动工程研究中PSD估计的重要方法。文章以周期图法为例,研究Fourier变换基本格式的不同对PSD非参数估计结果的影响。首先介绍了Fourier变换常见的几种基本格式及其对应的PSD非参数估计计算公式;然后基于PSD的物理内涵,分析、证明多种不同形式的PSD估计公式的同时存在是一种人为误解,只有惟一的一种PSD估计结果才是具有典型物理意义的;最后给出了Fourier变换的一种通用格式及其PSD估计计算公式。     

Analysis of precipitable water vapor from GPS measurements in Chengdu region: Distribution and evolution characteristics in autumn

The rainfall process of Chengdu region in autumn has obvious regional features. Especially, the night-time rain rate of this region in this season is very high in China. Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation of regional atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for our understanding of water vapor related processes, such as rainfall, evaporation, convective activity, among others in this area. Since GPS detection technology has the unique characteristics, such as all-weather, high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution as well as low cost, tracking and monitoring techniques on water vapor has achieved rapid developments in recent years. With GPS–PWV data at 30-min interval gathered from six GPS observational stations in Chengdu region in two autumns (September 2007–December 2007 and September 2008–December 2008), it is revealed that negative correlations exist between seasonally averaged value of GPS–PWV as well as its variation amplitude and local terrain altitude. The variation of PWV in the upper atmosphere of this region results from the water vapor variation from surface to 850 hPa. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it is found that the autumn PWV in Chengdu region has a multi-scale feature, which includes a seasonal cycle, 22.5 days period (quasi-tri-weekly oscillation). The variation of the GPS–PWV is related to periodical change in the transmitting of the water vapor caused by zonal and meridional wind strengths’ change and to the East Asian monsoon system. According to seasonal variation characteristics, we concluded that the middle October is the critical turning point in PWV content. On a shorter time scale, the relationship between autumn PWV and ground meteorological elements was obtained using the composite analysis approach.