基于自抗扰控制的共轴直升机姿态控制律设计

以某型共轴双旋翼无人直升机作为研究对象,对无人机返航进场与降落着舰阶段的抗扰动问题进行研究。针对海上着舰环境下的外界干扰与不确定性问题,选用自抗扰控制器设计共轴直升机姿态控制律,以提高共轴直升机对外部扰动的抗扰性能。针对自抗扰控制律调整参数过多问题,设计改进粒子群算法进行自动参数优化。仿真结果表明:改进粒子群算法能够显著提高参数整定速度,且精度更高;优化参数后的自抗扰控制律在强干扰环境下具备良好的动态响应与鲁棒性。     

冕洞特征参数与重现型地磁暴关系的统计研究

在提取冕洞特征参数的基础上,利用1996年到2005年8月近十年来对地磁扰动有影响的356个冕洞事例,定量分析了冕洞特征参数(包括冕洞的面积比、经纬度跨度等)与冕洞高速流特征、重现型地磁扰动特征(包括扰动大小和持续时间等)之间的相关性,研究发现,从引起地磁扰动的冕洞在整个太阳活动周的分布来看,在地磁扰动峰年中冕洞影响同样具有重要的贡献;冕洞高速流太阳风速度与地磁扰动强度之间存在较强的相关性,而高速流中太阳风速度与冕洞面积比关系不大,与冕洞亮度存在一定相关性;冕洞的经度跨度与地磁扰动持续时间存在很强的正相关性.      

多约束下的导弹螺旋机动制导控制一体化设计

针对导弹在俯冲机动突防飞行过程中攻角及落地弹道倾角受到约束的问题,基于自抗扰控制(ADRC)及反步滑模控制(SMC),提出一种多约束条件下的导弹螺旋机动制导控制一体化设计方法。首先,基于典型的螺旋机动突防弹道,同时考虑纵向平面指定落角约束,分通道进行制导控制一体化数学模型推导。然后,使用反步滑模控制进行制导控制一体化算法设计,通过设计补偿器对反步法的中间控制量进行修正实现对攻角的约束,针对系统的有界不确定性以及未知干扰,采用干扰观测器进行估计与补偿,提高系统的鲁棒性。最终使用Lyapunov理论证明了系统稳定。仿真结果表明,本文方法具有较强的鲁棒性,能够保证飞行器在满足攻角约束的条件下,按照典型螺旋机动弹道对目标进行大落角高精度打击。     

驱动模式和转速对某星载天线扰动特性的影响

空间天线姿态调整过程中产生的微振动，对航天器指向精度和稳定性影响较大，因此其微振动分析与设计已成为高精度航天器设计的重要内容。基于Ansys软件和Admas软件，建立天线结构的多柔体系统动力学分析模型，分析典型驱动条件下天线结构的扰动力和扰动力矩，通过地面微振动物理试验，验证动力学分析方法的可靠性。基于天线多柔体系统动力学分析模型，探讨驱动模式、驱动转速对天线扰动力和扰动力矩的影响。结果表明:扰动力和力矩主要幅值集中在频率f=0~50 Hz的低频段;驱动模式和驱动转速对天线结构的扰动频率无明显影响，主要影响扰动力和扰动力矩的幅值;单轴驱动模式下，驱动转速n=0.2 °/s时，天线的扰动最剧烈;XY双轴同时驱动时，X轴和Y轴转动单元引起的天线扰动产生一定程度的叠加，天线结构的扰动更为剧烈，扰动力和扰动力矩变化较为复杂。研究工作可为空间天线的微振动抑振策略制定提供技术支持。     

Research on the evaluation method of lunar soil disturbance based on the fitting of Gaussian surface

It is crucial to maintain the layer sequence information on in situ lunar soil during the lunar soil sampling. In this paper, a discrete element model for direct push sampling of the lunar weathering layer is established, and the relationship between the perturbation rate of the lunar soil layer sequence information and the sampling depth is obtained. A quantitative evaluation method of the perturbation rate of the structural information on the lunar soil layer sequence based on the Gaussian curvature is proposed by reconstructing the center-of-mass point cloud model of the marked layer lunar soil particles in MATLAB. The proposed method can accurately describe the perturbation rate of lunar soil layer sequence information and can analyze the degree of lunar soil disturbance according to the displacement of the sampling tube and mechanical parameters in real-time inversion during the sampling process. When the sampling depth is 40 mm, the minimum and maximum perturbation rates of sampling along the penetration direction of the machine are 5.261 % and 27.649 %, respectively. The perturbation rate shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The method proposed in this study could effectively solve the problem that the disturbance of lunar soil bedding information was difficult to evaluate in the sampling process of lunar regolith.     

Non-synchronous blade vibration analysis of a transonic fan

This study numerically investigates the aeromechanic behavior of a transonic fan model with a flat tip-leading-edge on the NASA rotor 67 test case. Single-passage unsteady calculations at a near stall operating point of 82% design speed show that the dominant frequencies of mass flow were not the harmonics of the rotor rotational frequency. A full-annulus fluid–structure interaction analysis was subsequently carried out to examine the unsteady flows and their interactions with blade vibrations. The results show that the modal displacement of the backward traveling seventh nodal diameter of the second torsion mode grew exponentially, which reveals that the blade vibration was non-synchronous. The vibration pattern indicates that the aerodynamic mode was resonant with the structural vibration mode. Around the rotor tip, the circumferential vortical propagation induced by interactions among the main flow, tip leakage flow, and tip clearance vortex was the source of aerodynamic excitation. To clarify the mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the coupling between aerodynamic disturbance and structural response, i.e., aliasing, was summarized. The frequency spectra of the fluctuating pressure show that an aerodynamic Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) was co-aliased to a structural BTW due to the propagation of the circumferential vortex. The correlation between the frequency and free convective speed of the aerodynamic disturbance determined the directions of aliasing.     

随机扰动下的航天器姿轨保持自抗扰控制

空间飞行器在轨运行过程中除受空间摄动外，还因飞行器任务需要产生随机扰动力和扰动力矩。针对空间飞行器受随机扰动产生的耦合运动控制问题，提出了利用自抗扰方法进行轨道保持和姿态稳定的控制方法。通过引入二阶线性扩展状态观测器，对系统总扰动和状态进行观测。结合PD控制方法结合总扰动前馈补偿，克服空间主要摄动及飞行器本身产生的随机扰动，实现轨道保持和姿态稳定。仿真试验结果表明:该方法可以有效克服总扰动的影响，实现姿轨协同控制。     

Multi–physical-field characteristics modeling and structure optimization for kW-level ultra-high-speed PM motors with integrated support system

In the aerospace industry, the low-mass ultra-high-speed flywheel system play a critical role. In this paper, a kW-level Ultra-High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (UHSPMSM) as the core component of flywheel system is proposed and analyzed with consideration of multiple physical fields, including electromagnetic characteristics, mechanical strength and rotor dynamics. The integrated support structure is put forward to improve rotation accuracy and operation stability of the UHSPMSM. Further, influence of the integrated support structure on critical speed is explored, and the key parameters such as support position and support stiffness are designed. Moreover, the rotor strength is analyzed by analytical model developed of rotor stress that can deal with multiple boundary types. Material and thickness of the sleeve are optimized, and range of interference value is accurately limited based on four extreme operating conditions. The 3-D Finite Element Model (FEM) is used to validate the strength characteristics and stress distribution of rotor. A 1.5 kW-150000 r/min UHSPMSM with integrated support system is manufactured and tested. The feasibility of UHSPMSM proposed and the accuracy of analysis method are verified through electromagnetic, temperature rise and vibration characteristics test. The machine prototype realizes the load operation at rated speed and the multi-physical-field characteristics achieve the design specification.     

Optimized design of high-efficiency lunar soil sampling tube structure based on stress–strain law

Understanding the influence of the sampling apparatus on in-situ lunar soil lamination information during the sampling process of the direct push-through lunar weathering layer is of great importance. This paper develops a discrete element model for direct push-through lunar weathering layer sampling using the CUG-1A simulated lunar soil developed by the China University of Geosciences as a simulation object and determines the stress–strain law of the inner wall of a sampling tube. A method for optimizing the inner wall structure of a sampling tube based on the stress–strain law is proposed. The structural disturbance of the marker layer and the lunar soil disturbance rate evaluation function are used to assess the degree of disturbance of the laminar information during the sampling process. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the structural disturbance of the lunar soil in-situ laminar information. In addition, it can also optimize the structural information disturbance of the marker layer. The proposed method can decrease the simulated lunar soil disturbance rate from 0.31 to 0.251 and effectively reduce the penetration force load by 15–20% in the direct push-through sampling process.     

车载惯导系统抗扰动自对准方法对比研究

自对准技术是陆基机动平台及装备用惯导系统的一项关键技术,其核心在于惯导系统如何在风扰、发动机振动、人员走动等各种干扰下实现快速、高精度对准.针对目前常用的惯性系解析自对准、Kalman滤波估计自对准和惯性系奇异值分解(SVD)自对准等三种方法进行了研究和对比分析,根据三种对准方法各自的实现原理,提出了一种有针对性的抗扰动优化方法,并通过了数学仿真分析和车载试验验证.结果 表明,在车载使用环境下,后两种方法都能获得较为准确的姿态信息,惯性系SVD方法可以达到与Kalman滤波方法相当的对准精度和收敛速度,且无需先验信息即可获得最优解,表现出了较好的工程应用优势.