面向空间电推力器的氙气供给系统发展综述及展望

在阐述氙气供给系统组成与分类基础上,将传统氙气供给系统和先进氙气供给系统按照机械减压型、开关控制型和比例控制型三种类型进行梳理,提炼了氙气供给系统中涉及到的关键技术,如建模与仿真技术、流体控制部件技术及系统集成技术,并对其研究现状进行了概述。对氙气供给系统的发展现状和发展趋势进行了总结,重点对国内外氙气供给技术的差距进行分析,给出了我国电推进氙气供给系统的发展建议。首次全面、系统地对面向空间电推力器的氙气供给系统进行综述、总结和展望,对于氙气供给技术的研究具有重要的参考价值。     

“人字形小肋”对激波/边界层干扰的影响研究

在曼彻斯特大学跨声速风洞开展激波/边界层干扰及“人字形小肋”对其影响的实验研究。在马赫数1.85流场条件下,应用高速纹影、油流、皮托压力测量和基于压敏漆的壁面压力测量技术,研究“人字形小肋”流动控制方法对激波/边界层干扰的流动分离结构与尺寸、压力分布特性与波系特征等影响。结果显示激波/边界层干扰诱发流动分离,分离区呈现三维特征,在“人字形小肋”的作用下,分离线呈现“波浪”形且整体向上游移动,干扰区流向尺寸增大,分离区高度减小且长度略增大,再附区的压力极值降低,这些特征与叶片、尖楔等微涡发生器的影响趋势相反。下一步工作中,拟针对“人字形小肋”开展参数优化研究,“人字形小肋”可能成为降低激波/边界层干扰诱发的高热流载荷的有效方法。     

基于深度学习的超临界裂解煤油流量特性研究

为了明晰超临界裂解煤油的流量特性,实现对超临界裂解煤油流量的准确预测,采用实验方法测量了较大压力和温度范围内超临界裂解煤油的流量,对超临界裂解煤油流量特性进行了分析,基于多元线性回归方法,多元多项式回归方法和深度学习方法分别建立了超临界裂解煤油流量预测模型并给出了模型评估指标。研究结果表明,超临界裂解煤油流量主要与压降和温度有关,并且流量与压降和温度之间存在着很强的非线性关系;基于深度学习方法的深度神经网络模型性能优于多元线性回归模型和多元多项式回归模型,能够更加准确地刻画超临界裂解煤油的流量特性,其平均相对预测误差在1.1%左右,最大相对预测误差在7%以下。     

分级燃烧室预燃级旋流组织对点熄火性能影响的试验研究

为了有效拓宽多级旋流分级燃烧室的稳定工作边界,在模型燃烧室上开展了分级燃烧室点火和熄火特性试验研究,采用平面激光测量技术获得了燃烧室冷态流场结构和燃油浓度分布,分析了双级旋流预膜式空气雾化预燃级设计参数(两级旋流旋向、旋流强度)对流场结构、燃油浓度分布和燃烧稳定性的影响,并阐明了燃烧室点火和熄火特性与流场结构和燃油浓度分布的内在关联机制。结果表明,预燃级两级旋流反旋、适当减小内级旋流强度和增大外级旋流强度有利于改善这类分级燃烧室的点火和熄火特性。相关研究结论能够应用于分级燃烧室预膜式空气雾化预燃级设计。     

一种涡轮基组合动力的整机低速风洞试验研究

针对一种多通道三动力涡轮基组合动力开展了整机低速风洞试验,着重从总体性能、流量分配、压力分布等方面,对三维内转组合进气道与涡轮发动机的耦合特性进行了分析。主要结论如下：低速状态下,三维内转进气道将给涡轮发动机带来最大10%的总压损失,组合动力推力最大损失24%、耗油率增加26%;内转进气道涡轮通道呈现出口总压分布不均、沿程静压先减小再增大的现象,随着涡轮发动机转速增大,通道出口高总压区逐渐向一侧移动;为减小低速状态三维内转进气道涡轮通道的流道损失,建议引入辅助进气门等引流装置、动态调整冲压通道流道面积,以匹配涡轮发动机工作状态。     

唇罩内型面对内转式进气道流动特性影响研究

内转式进气道流场参数分布不均,为改善进气道的流场结构、提高其气动性能,采用数值仿真方法开展了唇罩内型面对内转式进气道流动特性影响的研究。研究结果表明:唇罩内型面影响唇罩激波强度、形态与内流道波系结构,进而影响唇罩激波与侧壁边界层干扰诱发的三维流向涡的产生、发展以及空间分布;在研究范围内,随着唇罩压缩角减小,唇罩激波减弱,内转式进气道流场参数周向分布更加均匀,出口总压恢复系数先增大后减小,抗反压能力不断增强,最高增大了12.7%。     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

Aerodynamic performance of a low-Reynolds UAV with leading-edge protuberances inspired by humpback whale flippers

The aerodynamic forces and flowfield on a delta-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with specific airfoil are studied here. The leading-edge protuberances inspired from the flippers of the humpback whale is introduced in present work to watch its effect on stall delaying and drag reduction. Two installing factors, which are amplitude and wavelength of the protuberances, are considered to study the interaction of leading-edge variation and de-tached vortex. Three changes in both amplitude and wavelength are investigated herein. Generally, the modified models have larger stall angle of attack than that of the baseline model; the difference exists in the attainable lift coefficient and drag reduction.     

Effect of an end plate on surface pressure distributions of two swept wings

A series of wind tunnel tests was conducted to examine how an end plate affects the pressure distributions of two wings with leading edge(LE) sweep angles of 23° and 40°. All the experiments were carried out at a midchord Reynolds number of 8×10~5, covering an angle of attack(AOA) range from -2° to 14°. Static pressure distribution measurements were acquired over the upper surfaces of the wings along three chordwise rows and one spanwise direction at the wing quarter-chord line. The results of the tests confirm that at a particular AOA, increasing the sweep angle causes a noticeable decrease in the upper-surface suction pressure. Furthermore, as the sweep angle increases, the development of a laminar separation bubble near the LEs of the wings takes place at higher AOAs. On the other hand, spanwise pressure measurements show that increasing the wing sweep angle results in forming a stronger vortex on the quarter-chord line which has lower sensitivity to AOA variation and remains substantially attached to the wing surface for higher AOAs than that can be achieved in the case of a lower sweep angle. In addition, data obtained indicate that installing an end plate further reinforces the spanwise flow over the wing surface, thus affecting the pressure distribution.     

稳流型流量调节器动态响应特性研究

针对一种用于液体火箭发动机的稳流型流量调节器,在理论建模的基础上,对其动态响应特性进行了计算机仿真,得到了该型流量调节器的阶跃响应和幅频响应特性,并研究了调节器阻尼系数的选择对其阶跃响应和幅频响应特性的影响。