惯性组合导航系统中的快速景象匹配算法研究

在景象匹配辅助导航中,特征点的选取是提高图像匹配速度、精度和鲁棒性的关键之 一。景象匹配中要求提取出的特征是那些可靠性高、辨别性强、计算量小的不变特征。提出 了基于SIFT特征的导航用快速景象匹配算法。算法首先针对惯性组合导航的工作特点, 对SIFT特征点检测及特征点匹配进行了优化设计,然后用RANSAC方法过滤掉错误匹配点,最 后,进行最小二乘精确匹配算法获取航向和位置偏差信息。实验分析了算法对不同分辨率图 像和不同区域的匹配适应性,抗噪声性能,匹配精度以及实时性,并与基于部分Hausdorff 距离的边缘特征景象匹配算法进行了对比。实验结果表明,算法的性能优越,在匹配速度、 精度和鲁棒性方面都优于部分Hausdorff距离算法,可以满足景象匹配导航系统匹配修正的 高性能要求。
     

一种基于SIFT和KLT相结合的特征点跟踪方法研究

在目标发生明显姿态和大小变化条件下,为了利用基于特征点的跟踪算法实现对目标可靠、稳定跟踪,提出了一种SIFT算法和KLT(Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi)匹配算法相结合的特征点跟踪方法。通过对SIFT算法进行优化,使得到特征点分布相对均匀,同时不存在聚集现象;通过对KLT匹配算法进行分层迭代设计,提高了目标作快速运动时的匹配精度;最后根据特征点匹配结果,结合Greedy算法得到目标的准确位置。实验结果表明：该算法能够很好地适应目标姿态和大小的变化,实现对结构复杂目标的稳定跟踪;比KLT跟踪算法具有更好的鲁棒性和稳定性,能得到更加准确的目标位置。      

基于粗糙集特征选择的过拟合现象及应对策略

在粗糙集方法中,利用向前启发式算法进行特征选择,是一个逐步加入重要度最高的特征的过程,直至满足所给定的约束条件。但使用这一策略选择出来的特征子集有可能产生过拟合现象。鉴于此,设计了一种新的启发式算法,其主要思想是借助交叉验证的方法对特征的重要度进行计算,当过拟合出现时,则采用截断式机制终止算法。使用邻域粗糙集模型,在UCI数据集上将启发式算法与所提算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明:所提算法能够有效地降低过拟合的程度;利用所提算法得到的特征子集能够带来更好的分类性能。     

民用飞机性能选型指标体系研究

随着飞机事业的发展和现代科技的进步,系统化地规划好采购飞机的机型以及合理安排不同航线段适用机型飞行是相当必要的。分析国内外有关飞机性能选型指标参数研究的现状,从航线经济性、发动机匹配性、航线适应性、机场适应性四个角度出发,进行飞机性能选型的现状分析。基于飞机性能优劣度初步建立了飞机性能选型指标体系,以期为目前国内航空公司飞机选型提供可靠性能参考。     

液体火箭发动机公路运输响应分析与支撑方案优选

对发动机进行合理地支撑是防止液体火箭发动机在公路运输过程中出现损伤的重要措施。采用、通用有限元软件建立了发动机和支撑结构的三维有限元模型,通过动力学分析得到了系统的固有频率和振型及频域内的动力学响应特性。通过对支撑结构刚度和垫片阻尼进行优选,并添加辅助支撑结构,有效地降低了发动机加速度响应峰值。     

FAST FEATURE RANKING AND ITS APPLICATION TO FACE RECOGNITION

A fast feature ranking algorithm for classification in the presence of high dimensionahty and small sample size is proposed. The basic idea is that the important features force the data points of the same class to maintain their intrinsic neighbor relations, whereas neighboring points of different classes are no longer to stick to one an- other. Applying this assumption, an optimization problem weighting each feature is derived. The algorithm does not involve the dense matrix eigen-decomposition which can be computationally expensive in time. Extensive exper- iments are conducted to validate the significance of selected features using the Yale, Extended YaleB and PIE data- sets. The thorough evaluation shows that, using one-nearest neighbor classifier, the recognition rates using 100-- 500 leading features selected by the algorithm distinctively outperform those with features selected by the baseline feature selection algorithms, while using support vector machine features selected by the algorithm show less prominent improvement. Moreover, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is particularly effi- cient for multi-class face recognition problem.     

Materials selection for electronic enclosures in space environment considering electromagnetic interference effect

Using low power electronic devices for space applications to reduce the mass and energy consumption has lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem. Electronic enclosures are used to shield electronic devices against EMI. In the past, electromagnetic shielding has been mainly the only criteria considered in electronic enclosure design. However, there are several structural and thermal requirements for selection of shielding materials which should also be taken into account. In this research work, three quantitative materials selection methods, i.e. Digital Logic (DL), Modified Digital Logic (MDL), and Z-transformation, are employed to select the best material from among a list of candidate materials. Composite and metallic electronic enclosures are explored and the best material is selected. Z-transformation method is applicable to both of the considered case studies while DL and MDL can only be used for solving one of them. Z-transformation method ranks aluminum as the first choice among various metallic materials. The wide range of Z-transformation application and its practical results confirm the superiority of Z-transformation method over DL and MDL methods.     

Medical survey of European astronauts during Mir missions

This paper reviews the medical operations performed on six European astronauts during seven space missions on board the space station Mir. These missions took place between November 1988 and August 1999, and their duration ranged from 14 days to 189 days. Steps of pre-flight medical selection and flight certification are presented. Countermeasures program used during the flight, as well as rehabilitation program following short and long-duration missions are described. Also reviewed are medical problems encountered during the flight, post-flight physiological changes such as orthostatic intolerance, exercise capacity, blood composition, muscle atrophy, bone density, and radiation exposure.     

建立中小企业诊断专家系统的构想

运用考试法、直接认定法、临时聘请法遴选专家，组建由政府、企业和民间协会共同组成的专家系统，对中小企业（宏观）发展与（微观）运行中的问题进行咨询和诊断，是我国中小企业快速、健康发展不可缺少的条件。作者对建立这一专家系统的有关问题，提出了自己的看法。     

一种快速的飞行器布局方案优选方法

本文引用系统模糊优选理论与基于数理统计正交表的设计法相结合来处理飞行器布局方案优选问题，并举例说明具体用法，文中方法对整个飞行器方案选择有一定参考价值。