Resonant motion, ballistic escape, and their applications in astrodynamics

A special set of solutions governing the motion of a particle, subject to the gravitational attractions of the Earth, the Moon, and, eventually, the Sun, is discussed in this paper. These solutions, called resonant orbits, correspond to a special motion where the particle is in resonance with the Moon. For a restricted set of initial conditions the particle performs a resonance transition in the vicinity of the Moon. In this paper, the nature of the resonance transition is investigated under the perspective of the dynamical system theory and the energy approach. In particular, using a new definition of weak stability boundary, we show that the resonance transition mechanism is strictly related to the concept of weak capture. This is shown through a carefully computed set of Poincaré surfaces, at different energy levels, on which both the weak stability boundary and the resonant orbits are represented. It is numerically demonstrated that resonance transitioning orbits pass through the weak stability boundaries. In the second part of the paper the solar perturbation is taken into account, and the motion of the resonant orbits is studied within a four-body dynamics. We show that, for a wide class of initial conditions, the particle escapes from the Earth–Moon system and targets an heliocentric orbit. This is a free ejection called a ballistic escape. Astrodynamical applications are discussed.     

Fast solar sail rendezvous mission to near Earth asteroids

The concept of fast solar sail rendezvous missions to near Earth asteroids is presented by considering the hyperbolic launch excess velocity as a design parameter. After introducing an initial constraint on the hyperbolic excess velocity, a time optimal control framework is derived and solved by using an indirect method. The coplanar circular orbit rendezvous scenario is investigated first to evaluate the variational trend of the transfer time with respect to different hyperbolic excess velocities and solar sail characteristic accelerations. The influence of the asteroid orbital inclination and eccentricity on the transfer time is studied in a parametric way. The optimal direction and magnitude of the hyperbolic excess velocity are identified via numerical simulations. The found results for coplanar circular scenarios are compared in terms of fuel consumption to the corresponding bi-impulsive transfer of the same flight time, but without using a solar sail. The fuel consumption tradeoff between the required hyperbolic excess velocity and the achievable flight time is discussed. The required total launch mass for a particular solar sail is derived in analytical form. A practical mission application is proposed to rendezvous with the asteroid 99942 Apophis by using a solar sail in combination with the provided hyperbolic excess velocity.     

美国小行星俘获任务及其启示

小行星俘获(ACR)任务是美国Keck空间研究中心发起的一项深空探测任务。该任务计划选定一颗近地小行星,通过口袋式抓捕系统对其实施抓捕,并于2025年左右将其带回近月空间。文章介绍了ACR任务的内容和系统设计,具体包括:航天器总体构型、抓捕分系统、探测识别分系统和控制与推进分系统;对小行星抓捕的目标探测与识别、旋转匹配、抓捕、消旋、轨道转移等核心操作。基于ACR任务,提出了空间目标俘获技术的需求与应用、抓捕航天器系统设计的启示;基于我国目前的技术研究情况,总结分析了发展空间目标俘获任务所需的关键技术,如大功率柔性太阳翼、长时间大范围轨道机动、目标探测与识别、快速机动、目标抓捕与消旋。     

基于FPGA的实时视频图像采集与存储系统(英文)

针对传统视频采集存储系统存在的问题,设计了一种以FPGA为核心的实时视频图像采集与存储系统。采用模块化设计方法,通过Verilog编程实现了视频解码A/D配置,视频图像采集逻辑控制和图像存储逻辑控制等功能模块;采用IDE接口硬盘作为存储介质,FAT32文件系统作为图像存储形式来记录实时图像。实验结果表明,系统具有实时性强、集成度高、存储能力强及易于扩展等优点。     

一种多热力循环组合发动机进气道设计方案

针对马赫数0~6的预冷涡轮+冲压组合多热力循环发动机的宽范围工作要求,提出了一种在马赫数2~6范围内流量系数为1.0的宽范围轴对称进气道变几何调节方案,通过中心锥与分流板的协同平移运动,可在满足涡轮与冲压两通道流量分配要求的同时,实现两通道压缩量的匹配调节。对起始半锥角分别为20°和13°的两种变几何进气道方案开展了设计与对比研究。结果表明：起始半锥角对最终方案设计影响最大,起始半锥角为13°的进气道方案较起始半锥角为20°的方案,冲压通道和涡轮通道在来流马赫数为6时临界总压恢复分别提高了16%和14%,最大迎风面积减小了12.4%,但中心锥和分流板平移调节距离分别增加84%和91%。     

基于模拟器的辅助导航测试方法研究

随着卫星导航产业的迅猛发展,辅助导航技术得到越来越广泛的应用,利用该技术可提高导航终端对卫星导航信号的捕获概率,缩短首次定位时间,提高灵敏度,提升用户体验。基于导航信号模拟器,利用基准站接收机传送辅助数据（星历信息及时间信息）的方式,构建辅助导航测试系统,提出了一种新的辅助导航测试方法,对导航芯片利用辅助信息实现快速捕获和定位性能进行了充分验证,方法可行,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于网口轨迹的空间绳网捕获

空间绳网是一种柔性的捕获技术,为更准确地研究绳网捕获空间目标的过程,提出了一种基于网口轨迹的分析方法。采用集中质量法和Hertz接触理论构建了绳网捕获目标的动力学模型。将绳网捕获目标的过程按时间先后顺序分为自由展开、包裹目标以及利用收口装置捕获目标3个阶段进行研究。基于对网口轨迹的分析,提出了绳网成功捕获目标的评价指标,重点对捕获过程中涉及的相关参数进行分析,评估了包括发射速度、捕获距离、收口时间以及偏心距离等在内的捕获参数对绳网捕获目标过程的影响。仿真结果表明,基于网口轨迹的分析方法可以更直观全面地分析绳网捕获目标的过程,并为捕获参数的选择提供参考依据,以提高绳网捕获目标的成功率。     

Particle acceleration and gamma rays in solar flares: Recent observations and new modeling

Experiments on SMM, GAMMA, Yohkoh, GRANAT, Compton GRO, INTEGRAL, RHESSI and CORONAS-F satellites over the past three decades have provided copious data for fundamental research relating to particle acceleration, transport and energetics of flares and to the ambient abundance of the solar corona, chromosphere and photosphere. We summarize main results of solar gamma-astronomy (including some results of several joint Russian–Chinese projects) and try to appraise critically a real contribution of those results into modern understanding of solar flares, particle acceleration at the Sun and some properties of the solar atmosphere. Recent findings based on the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F measurements (source locations, spectrum peculiarities, ³He abundance etc.) are especially discussed. Some unusual features of extreme solar events (e.g., 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005) have been found in gamma-ray production and generation of relativistic particles (solar cosmic rays, or SCR). A number of different plausible assumptions are considered concerning the details of underlying physical processes during large flares: (1) existence of a steeper distribution of surrounding medium density as compared to a standard astrophysical model (HSRA) for the solar atmosphere; (2) enhanced content of the ³He isotope; (3) formation of magnetic trap with specific properties; (4) prevailing non-uniform (e.g., fan-like) velocity (angular) distributions of secondary neutrons, etc. It is emphasized that real progress in this field may be achieved only by combination of gamma-ray data in different energy ranges with multi-wave and energetic particle observations during the same event. We especially note several promising lines for the further studies: (1) resonant acceleration of the ³He ions in the corona; (2) timing of the flare evolution by gamma-ray fluxes in energy range above 90 MeV; (3) separation of gamma-ray fluxes from different sources at/near the Sun (e.g., different acceleration sources/episodes during the same flare, contribution of energetic particles accelerated by the CME-driven shocks etc.); (4) asymmetric magnetic geometry and new magnetic topology models of the near-limb flares; (5) modeling of self-consistent time scenario of the event.     

捕获型线对内转式进气道外压段几何与气动特性的影响

以直内收缩锥流场为基准流场,构建了一套内转式进气道外压段的设计与性能快速分析程序.进而以矩形捕获型线为例,研究了决定捕获型线形状、位置的3个参数(中心距、旋转角和宽高比)对进气道外压段几何与气动特性的影响,将捕获型线为矩形、带圆角矩形及圆形时的外压段进行了对比.结果表明:捕获面平均半径是可作为评价外压缩段设计的一个重要几何参数,平均半径越大,总压恢复系数越高;对于矩形捕获型线而言,当中心距增加时,前缘长度、弧长、湿润面积单调增加,外收缩比单调减小,而旋转角和宽高比对外压段几何参数的影响比较复杂;在矩形捕获型线的3个参数中,中心距对总压恢复系数的影响最显著.此外,当捕获型线的中心距与面积保持不变时,圆角半径对外压段几何与性能参数影响不大.      

DQPSK数传接收机

重点介绍用于航天测控系统的 DQPSK数传接收机的主要技术问题及解决途径 ;应用超大规模集成电路芯片进行 QPSK信号调制解调、解调控制、差分编码和差分解码等