An icy mineralogy package (IMP) for in-situ studies of Titan’s surface

We describe the scientific case for and preliminary design of an instrument whose primary goal is to determine the chemistry (element abundance) and mineralogy (compound identity and abundance) of Titan’s surface using a combination of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is capable of identifying any crystalline substance present on Titan’s surface at relative abundances greater than ∼1 wt%, allowing unambiguous identification of, for example, structure I and II clathrates (even in the presence of ice), and various organic solids, which may include C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₄H₂, HCN, CH₃CN, HC₃N, and C₄N₂). The XRF component of the instrument will obtain elemental abundances for 16 < Z < 60 with minimum detection limits better than 10 ppm (including detection of atmospheric noble gas isotopes), and may achieve detection limits of 0.01–1% for lighter elements down to Z = 6 (carbon). The instrument is well suited to integration with other analytical tools as part of a light-weight surface chemistry and mineralogy package. Although considerably less sensitive to elemental abundance than GC–MS (10⁻² vs. 10⁻⁸) it is likely to be significantly lighter (<0.5 kg vs. 10 kg).     

Ni-Mo电沉积层的组成和结构

利用Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）研究了Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ沉积层的组成元素及其价态和深度分布,用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射技术（ＸＲＤ）和电子探针显微分析技术（ＥＰＭＡ）研究了电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ合金层的形貌、结晶状态、组成元素分布情况。结果表明,电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ合金层呈现亮色,表面比较均匀。电沉积层为非晶结构,２θ在４０°～５０°间有一弥散对称峰。沉积层中的Ｎｉ和Ｍｏ为零价态,它们的结合能分别为８５２．８ｅＶ和２２８．２ｅＶ。沉积层的真实组成（相对原子百分浓度）为：Ｎｉ５０．８６％,Ｍｏ２２．６３％,Ｏ２６．５１％。     

X射线衍射全谱拟合法测定碳/碳复合材料的点阵常数

利用X射线衍射仪,采用全谱拟含的方法,测定三种不同碳材料的点阵常数、石墨化度及微晶参数,测得三种碳材料(每个样品重复5次试验)六方晶系的a的标准偏差小于2.0×10~(-3),c的标准偏差小于1.4×10~(-3),石墨化度(g)的标准偏差小于1.5,微晶参数(L_(c002))的标准偏差小于0.5,是一种有效的测试碳材料晶体参数的方法.     

基于厚片光胶法的石英挠性加速度计摆片光学冷加工

本文介绍了一种基于厚片光胶的高精度石英挠性加速度计摆片光学冷加工制备方法。现有的主流加工方法一般采用厚度为1.1mm的薄片进行后续加工。在单面环抛机结合光胶工艺的加工方法中,这种厚度的原料片使得成品石英光片在最终下盘时的面型不够理想, 从而影响装配成表的精度。基于此,本文提出了厚片光胶法,运用片厚1.8mm的光片进行后续加工,并在加工过程中增加了一次释放应力加抛光片修饰面型的工序,较好地改善了成品光片的面型。改进工艺后制备所得的光片下盘后光圈数从改进工艺前的2~3个减少为小于1个。作为高精度石英加速度计的关键零部件,改善面型后的光片更好地满足了成表的精度要求。     

Simulation of optical response of retroreflectors for future lunar laser ranging

We numerically examined various retroreflectors as laser ranging targets for future missions to the Moon. The geometric conditions, such as the angle of incidence and velocity aberration, with lunar targets are much more restricted than those with most of the earth-orbiting artificial satellites. The numerical optical response simulation carried out in this study indicates that a single retroreflector with a diameter of 150–250 mm performs similar to the existing Apollo retroreflector arrays. Further, no dihedral angle is required for small retroreflectors with diameters below 150 mm for uncoated ones and below 100 mm for coated and hollow ones. Retroreflectors with larger diameters require dihedral angles of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.35 arcsec for coated, uncoated and hollow types, respectively. The objective of this fundamental study is to underlie the development of future laser ranging targets that are to be placed on the Moon.     

NEPE推进剂中聚乙二醇的结晶性

利用X射线衍射技术研究了NEPE推进剂中聚乙二醇的结晶特性。探讨了填料、化学交联和增逆剂对聚乙二醇结晶的影响，实验结果表明上述几种因素都会显著降低聚乙二醇的结晶性。     

分析二维导体电磁散射问题的FEM/POPTD方法——TE模(英文)

提出了一种分析计算带有裂缝的二维电大尺寸复杂导体目标电磁散射问题的混合方法—— FEM/ PO-PTD方法。该方法采用基于棱边的有限元法 ( Edge-basedFEM)为低频方法 ,物理光学法与物理绕射理论 ( PO-PTD)为高频方法 ,通过耦合技术将两者结合在一起。本文将该方法应用于带有缝隙的二维导电柱 TE模的电磁散射特性分析 ,计算结果与有关文献的数据一致性很好 ,从而验证了该方法的准确性。文中还给出了另外几种截面的导电柱体雷达截面的计算曲线。理论分析与计算结果表明 ,本文提出的混合方法与其他计算同类问题的方法相比 ,能节省计算机存储单元、提高计算速度     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

微小尺寸夫朗荷费衍射测量中的误差研究

分析了用夫朗荷费衍射测量微小尺寸的原理误差,包括夫朗荷费近似误差和极值特征点位置探测误差。以狭缝为例,利用计算机仿真技术对该两项系统误差进行了修正。     

Incone1 718合金的定量相分析

给出了Inconel718合金奥氏体点阵参数与δ、γ"、γ'相含量的关系式,并借助X射线衍射技术及奥氏体点阵参数与δ、γ"、γ'相含量的关系确定了Inconel718合金中析出相的含量。