F1方程式赛车后升力翼的气动特性

以比例为1∶3的F1方程式赛车后升力翼为研究对象,研究了后升力翼攻角变化对F1方程式赛车气动阻力和气动升力的影响规律.在攻角为12°时,气动升力与气动阻力的比值的绝对值达到最大,此攻角就是F1方程式赛车后升力翼的最佳攻角,模型风洞试验验证了这一结论.      

Study of daytime vertical E × B drift velocities inferred from ground-based magnetometer observations of ΔH,at low latitudes under geomagnetically disturbed conditions

In this study, 30 storm sudden commencement (SSC) events during the period 2001–2007 for which daytime vertical E × B drift velocities from JULIA radar, Jicamarca (geographic latitude 11.91°S, geographic longitude 283.11°E, 0.81°N dip latitude), Peru and ΔH component of geomagnetic field measured as the difference between the magnitudes of the horizontal (H) components between two magnetometers deployed at two different locations Jicamarca (geographic latitude 11.91°S, geographic longitude 283.11°E, 0.81°N dip latitude) and Piura (geographic latitude 5.21°S, geographic longitude 279.41°E, 6.81°N dip latitude), in Peru, were considered. It is observed that a positive correlation exists between peak value of daytime vertical E × B drift velocity and peak value of ΔH for the three consecutive days of SSC. A qualitative analysis made after selecting the peak values of daytime vertical E × B drift velocity and ΔH showed that 57% of the events have daytime vertical E × B drift velocity peak in the magnitude range 20–30 m/s and 63% of the events have ΔH peak in the range 80–100 nT. The maximum probable (45%) range of time of occurrence of peak value for both vertical E × B drift velocity and ΔH during the daytime hours were found to be the same, i.e., 10:00–12:00 LT. A strong positive correlation was also found to exist between the daytime vertical E × B drift velocity and ΔH for all the three consecutive days of SSC, for all the events considered. To establish a quantitative relationship between day time vertical E × B drift velocity and ΔH, linear and polynomial (order 2 and 3) regression analysis (Least Square Method (LSM)) were carried out, considering the fully disturbed day after the commencement of the storm as ‘disturbed period’ for the SSC events selected for analysis. The formulae indicating the relationship between daytime vertical E × B drift velocity and ΔH, for the ‘disturbed periods’, obtained through the regression analysis were verified using the JULIA radar observed E × B drift velocity for 3 selected events. Root Mean Square (RMS) error analysis carried out for each case suggest that polynomial regression (order 3) analysis provides a better agreement with the observations from among the linear, polynomial (order 2 and 3) analysis.     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

Parameterized Regional Ionospheric Model and a comparison of its results with experimental data and IRI representations

We describe a Parameterized Regional Ionospheric Model (PARIM) to calculate the spatial and temporal variations of the ionospheric electron density/plasma frequency over the Brazilian sector. The ionospheric plasma frequency values as calculated from an enhanced Sheffield University Plasmasphere–Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) were used to construct the model. PARIM is a time-independent 3D regional model (altitude, longitude/local time, latitude) used to reproduce SUPIM plasma frequencies for geomagnetic quiet condition, for any day of the year and for low to moderately high solar activity. The procedure to obtain the modeled representation uses finite Fourier series so that all plasma frequency dependencies can be represented by Fourier coefficients. PARIM presents very good results, except for the F region peak height (hmF2) near the geomagnetic equator during times of occurrence of the F₃ layer. The plasma frequency calculated by IRI from E region to bottomside of the F region present latitudinal discontinuities during morning and evening times for both solar minimum and solar maximum conditions. Both the results of PARIM and the IRI for the E region peak density show excellent agreement with the observational values obtained during the conjugate point equatorial experiment (COPEX) campaign. The IRI representations significantly underestimate the foF2 and hmF2 compared to the observational results over the COPEX sites, mainly during the evening–nighttime period.     

太阳F10.7指数准27天振荡的小波分析

利用1956-2003年的F10.7日均值数据,采用Morlet小波变换方法,分析了准27天振荡的特征及与太阳活动11年周期(Schwabe周期)的关系.结果表明,F10.7的准27天振荡的幅度和周期存在明显的短期变化现象,不同年里变化的程度差别很大,有些年里起伏非常剧烈,在几天到几十天的很短时间里,幅度变化达十几倍,周期可变化数天,甚至发生十几天的突变;有些年里,幅度变化很大但起伏很小,周期也比较稳定.准27天振荡的年平均幅度存在明显的逐年变化,与太阳活动显著相关.一般说来,F10.7越高,准27天振荡的幅度就越大,然而在太阳活动19周峰年,F10.7比其他活动周的值都高,但准27天振荡的幅度却比其他活动周低.准27天振荡的周期也有明显的逐年变化,除了个别年(如1987年),年平均周期在24至31天之间变化,与太阳活动周期没有明显的关系.48年的平均周期为27.3天.从总体看,周期有逐渐缩短的趋势,48年里周期大约减少了1.5天.造成准27天振荡起伏的因素非常复杂,有待深入研究.      

基于液体金属的接触PIM抑制方法和实验验证

接触非线性是射频设备和电路中产生无源互调（passive intermodulation，PIM）信号的重要原因之一。基于对接触结点射频等效电路的分析，提出了一种基于共晶镓铟合金（eutectic gallium-indium，EGaIn）的PIM抑制方法。EGaIn不同于传统的焊锡，它可以在室温下实现接触结位置上的稳定、可重构连接。首先分析了射频（radio frequency，RF）下的金属接触结的电路模型。其次设计并实现了两个包含不同金属接触结构且工作在2.6GHz的平面倒F天线（planar inverted F antenna，PIFA）。最后比较了EGaIn焊接前后PIFA的互调水平，其中对PIM指标的最大抑制程度为35dB。验证了EGaIn可以在室温下对PIFA的接触结点进行可重构焊接，这为电连接中的非线性抑制提供了一种参考方法。     

航空发动机0Cr18Ni9 不锈钢导管数控弯曲回弹规律

为了有效地解决航空发动机导管弯曲成形时的回弹问题，开展了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢管数控弯曲工艺试验，采用单一变量 法研究了管径、壁厚、相对弯曲半径、弯曲角对回弹的影响规律，并通过数值仿真和正交试验法分析了弯曲速度、弯模间隙等工艺 参数，以及弹性模量、屈服强度、硬化指数对弯曲回弹角的影响。结果表明：回弹角与弯曲角呈显著的线性关系，当弯曲角在180° 以内时，回弹角为1.6°~6.0°；建立了回弹角预测线性方程，预测误差在[-0.425°，0.502°]内的概率为99.74%，并基于此方程开展了全 尺寸导管的回弹角预测和补偿工艺试验；在各工艺参数中弯曲速度和弯模间隙对回弹角的影响较大，可引起大于0.5°的偏差，而 因材料参数变化导致的回弹角变化不超过0.05°。