Comparing proton fluxes of central meridian SEP events with those predicted by SOLPENCO

We have developed an operational code, SOLPENCO, that can be used for space weather prediction schemes of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. SOLPENCO provides proton differential flux and cumulated fluence profiles from the onset of the event up to the arrival of the associated traveling interplanetary shock at the observer’s position (either 1.0 or 0.4 AU). SOLPENCO considers a variety of interplanetary scenarios where the SEP events develop. These scenarios include solar longitudes of the parent solar event ranging from E75 to W90, transit speeds of the associated shock ranging from 400 to 1700 km s⁻¹, proton energies ranging from 0.125 to 64 MeV, and interplanetary conditions for the energetic particle transport characterized by specific mean free paths. We compare the results of SOLPENCO with flux measurements of a set of SEP events observed at 1 AU that fulfill the following four conditions: (1) the association between the interplanetary shock observed at 1 AU and the parent solar event is well established; (2) the heliolongitude of the active region site is within 30° of the Sun–Earth line; (3) the event shows a significant proton flux increase at energies below 96 MeV; (4) the pre-event intensity background is low. The results are discussed in terms of the transit velocity of the shock and the proton energy. We draw conclusions about both the use of SOLPENCO as a prediction tool and the required improvements to make it useful for space weather purposes.     

Variability of organic material in surface horizons of the hyper-arid Mars-like soils of the Atacama Desert

The objective of this work was to investigate the variability of surface organic carbon within the hyper-arid Yungay region of the Atacama Desert. The fraction of Labile Organic Carbon (LOC) in these samples varied from 2 to 73 μg per gram of soil with a bi-modal distribution with average content of 17 ± 9 μg LOC and 69 ± 3 μg LOC for “low” and “high” samples, respectively. Interestingly, there was no relation between organic levels and geomorphologic shapes. While organics are deposited and distributed in these soils via eolic processes, it is suggested that fog is the dynamic mechanism that is responsible for the variability and peaks in organic carbon throughout the area, where a “high” LOC content sample could be indicative of a biological process. It was determined that there was no significant difference between topological feature or geographical position within the hyper-arid samples and LOC. This very curious result has implications for the investigation of run-off gullies on the planet Mars as our work suggests a need for careful consideration of the expectation of increases in concentrations of organic materials associated with following aqueous altered topology.     

Plant mineral nutrition,gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review

Successful growth and development of higher plants in space rely on adequate availability and uptake of water and nutrients, and efficient energy distribution through photosynthesis and gas exchange. In the present review, literature has been reviewed to assemble the relevant knowledge within space plant research for future planetary missions. Focus has been on fractional gravity, space radiation, magnetic fields and ultimately a combined effect of these factors on gas exchange, photosynthesis and transport of water and solutes.     

或有事项与日后事项探讨

《企业会计准则——或有事项》(1998)和《企业会计准则——资产负债表日后事项》(2000)分别规范了或有事项和日后事项的会计核算及其信息披露。本文主要从理论和实务角度对这两项准则可能存在的不足之处提出意见和建议，并对或有事项与日后事项之间的内在联系阐述了自己的一些看法。     

基于Pareto分布的磁暴感应地电场极值测度模型

磁暴感应地电场为电力系统安全运行带来风险,研究极端磁暴地电场水平能够为量化并防御电力系统磁暴灾害风险提供理论支持.提出了基于极值理论的磁暴感应地电场极值测度模型.首先利用地磁观测数据构造年度最大地电场样本数据,建立地电场广义Pareto分布模型,然后利用剩余寿命图和Q-Q图检验模型,并通过Bayes方法估测模型参数,最后计算模型的分位数,即地电场极值测度.利用中国地磁台观测的52年磁暴数据,结合中国喀什地区大地典型结构,估算出喀什地区五十年一遇的感应地电场可达3.288V·km^-1,百年一遇地的感应地电场可达3.332V·km^-1.利用相同方法还估测了中国部分地磁台站所在区域的地电场极值.研究结果可为估计极值地磁暴提供新思路,也可为分析电力系统磁暴灾害风险提供数据支撑.     

多谱段全日面极紫外成像仪

在极紫外波段对太阳进行成像观测是研究太阳活动、日冕中等离子体物理特性的重要手段.传统极紫外成像仪或光谱仪无法同时实现高光谱分辨率和大视场的太阳成像.本文设计了一种新型太阳极紫外多谱段成像系统,采用无狭缝光栅分光方式实现了高光谱分辨率和空间分辨率的全日面成像,成像视场可达47',光谱分辨率每像素2×10^-3 nm,空间分辨率每像素1.4',全日面时间分辨率优于60s.通过分析谱线的全日面成像图和系统响应,表明成像仪能大范围的观测太阳活动形态演化,为太阳物理研究和空间天气预报提供更完整的观测数据.     

1700℃高温、有氧及时变环境下隔热性能试验研究

针对高超声速飞行器面临极端高温热环境、飞行器外壳单侧面受热以及温度历程非线性时变的特点,自行设计并建立辐射式极端高温氧化环境下的单侧面试验加热装置,实现了1700℃高温有氧环境下对高超声速飞行器热防护材料的隔热性能试验测试。同时,对轻质陶瓷材料试验件和新型陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构在高达1700℃的高温氧化环境下的隔热性能进行试验测试,并对不同材料及其组合模式进行对比分析,优选高效能的隔热方案,发现陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构试验件比单层轻质陶瓷材料试验件的隔热效果提高了约50%。另外,生成了极端高温非线性时变热环境,并进行相应的隔热性能试验。通过建立极端高温、有氧、单侧面加热、非线性时变热环境试验系统及其实际应用研究,为高超声速飞行器的热防护设计提供重要的试验手段。     

高速太阳风条件下日侧磁层顶磁通量传输事件的全球磁流体力学模拟结果

利用全球磁流体力学模拟,研究了高速太阳风条件下日侧磁层顶的磁通量传输事件（FTE）发生率的空间分布.从模拟结果中得到了FTE信号,并且这些FTE信号的特征与观测结果基本一致.磁层顶上的10个取样点共观测到39个FTE信号.统计分析表明,越靠近翼侧则观测到的FTE信号越少.这一现象可能是磁鞘中太阳风速度分布差异导致的.     

Longitude-dependent effects of fragmentation events in the geosynchronous orbit regime

The effects of on-orbit fragmentation events on localized debris congestion in each of the longitude slots of the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) regime are evaluated by simulating explosions and collisions of uncontrolled rocket bodies in multiple orbit configurations, including libration about one or both of the gravitational wells located at 75°E and 105°W. Fragmentation distributions are generated with the NASA Standard Breakup Model, which samples fragment area-to-mass ratio and delta-velocity as a function of effective diameter. Simulation results indicate that the long-term severity and consequence of a GEO fragmentation event is strongly dependent upon parent body longitude at the epoch of fragmentation, which can spawn bi-annual “fragment storms” in high-risk longitude slots, driven by lower-energy fragments that have been captured and have started librating around the nearby gravitational well.     

影响地球环境的太阳质子事件的时间过程

利用1966年以来的大量太阳耀斑以及相应质子事件的资料,分析研究了质子事件到达时间和极大时间同耀斑经度位置的统计关系.结果表明当耀斑位置处于经过地球的行星际大尺度场磁力线足点位置附近时,上述两种时间过程最短.这个结果支持了太阳耀斑粒子经日冕传播再向行星际空间传播的二阶段传播模型.