大力神—4改进型固体助推器爆炸原因分析及启示

介绍了大力神-4改进型固体助推器的研制情况、结构特点及主要性能,阐述了地面试验失败的原因及改进措施,并联系卡斯托Ⅱ研制中出现的类似失败情况,就发动机内流场气流的相互作用及药柱变形对发动机工作的影响进行了扼要分析,并提出了值得重视的几点启示。     

Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle similitude to the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

The Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle is the first in a series of flight test vehicles that will take the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle design from development to operational capability. Ares I–X is scheduled for a 2009 flight date, early enough in the Ares I design and development process so that data obtained from the flight can impact the design of Ares I before its Critical Design Review. Decisions on Ares I–X scope, flight test objectives, and FTV fidelity were made prior to the Ares I systems requirements being baselined. This was necessary in order to achieve a development flight test to impact the Ares I design. Differences between the Ares I–X and the Ares I configurations are artifacts of formulating this experimental project at an early stage and the natural maturation of the Ares I design process. This paper describes the similarities and differences between the Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle. Areas of comparison include the outer mold line geometry, aerosciences, trajectory, structural modes, flight control architecture, separation sequence, and relevant element differences. Most of the outer mold line differences present between Ares I and Ares I–X are minor and will not have a significant effect on overall vehicle performance. The most significant impacts are related to the geometric differences in Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle at the forward end of the stack. These physical differences will cause differences in the flow physics in these areas. Even with these differences, the Ares I–X flight test is poised to meet all five primary objectives and six secondary objectives. Knowledge of what the Ares I–X flight test will provide in similitude to Ares I—as well as what the test will not provide—is important in the continued execution of the Ares I–X mission leading to its flight and the continued design and development of Ares I.     

旋转固体火箭发动机飞行器章动不稳定机理述评

针对旋转固体火箭发动机发射小卫星最末级出现的章动现象,分析了其不稳定机理.根据实际观测的飞行数据,分析了飞行器章动不稳定性的特点,给出了几种可能导致飞行器发生侧向角运动的不稳定性机理,并结合实际情况,对各种机理进行了分析.结果显示,飞行器不稳定运动的主要原因是飞行器的质量变化、内部气流的非稳态流动与飞行器姿态运动的相互...     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

载人登月人货分运与人货合运模式对比分析

由于载人航天任务所具有的确保航天员安全的特殊属性,载人登月任务模式往往因此必须考虑救生等多种环节和因素,变得十分复杂。针对目前载人登月人货分运及人货合运两种任务模式,通过比较分析表明,从安全性、任务风险、飞船设计约束、发射窗口、测控支持复杂度方面来看,人货合运模式要优于人货分运模式,但是人货合运模式中的重型火箭如果被要求按照载人火箭标准进行设计和考核,其研制周期、经费方面的投入将会增加。     

气动热环境下多翼导弹温度场数值模拟

导弹在飞行过程中与大气摩擦产生的热量,会降低材料的强度极限和飞行器结构的承载能力,使结构产生热变形,破坏部件的气动外形并影响飞行器的安全飞行,带来安全隐患。通过气动加热工程算法确定表面热流密度,利用有限元分析软件MSC Nastran和MSC Patran,对四翼导弹进行有限元计算,给出温度场分布情况,为导弹的设计和制造提供依据。     

跨介质航行器流体动力外形仿生设计

跨介质航行器是一种可在空中与水中两栖巡航并能自由穿越水气界面的新概念海空两栖无人运动平台,需要具备良好的入水和出水性能及较小的水下流体阻力。采用两种生物组合仿生的设计思想,利用全自动三维影像扫描仪获取具有优良入水性能的翠鸟头部和龙虱身体的形体特征点云数据,应用傅立叶级数拟合方法拟合特征曲线,设计了一种跨介质航行器流体动力外形,为减小航行器入水冲击载荷、降低水下航行阻力提供了设计方案。     

系列化构型运载能力设计余量留取方法研究

调研了美国航天型号研制中设计余量留取的情况,结合系列化构型论证工作,对运载能力设计余量留取问题进行了初步研究,分析了关键参数对运载能力的影响,针对不同目标轨道、系列化构型的差异,探索得到了运载能力设计余量差异化留取的方法。     

气膜孔形状对高超声速飞行器对撞流气膜冷却效果的影响

文章通过仿真分析手段研究飞行高度50 km、飞行马赫数15的飞行条件下,不同孔型对对撞流的影响,得到不同孔型对气膜冷却效果的影响规律。采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法,对在入口压力0.5 MPa、质量流量22.5 g/s的稳定短模态（SPM）工作模态下,气膜孔为圆柱直孔、收缩孔、连续扩张孔、分段扩张孔等工况开展对比研究,结果显示,扩张孔气膜冷却的壁面热流最大,圆柱孔的次之,收缩孔的最小。这表明,通过改变对撞流气膜孔的形状可以改变气流流动特性,进而产生不同的气膜冷却效果,在SPM工作模态下收缩孔的气膜冷却效果最好。