双轴拉伸应力下后继屈服面的演化研究

屈服面的位置和形状直接影响着材料塑性应变的确定。针对双轴拉伸应力下金属材料的塑性行为,以一种弹塑性损伤本构理论为基础,研究了后继屈服面在拉-拉应力空间中的演化。考虑了有限变形效应和耦合硬化效应,给出了屈服面的确定方法,并预测了拉-拉应力空间中的初始屈服面(IYS)和后继屈服面,预测结果显示本文提出的理论模型能一致描述出后继屈服面演化中的前端尖点效应、尾部包氏效应、膨胀/收缩以及移动和畸变。针对两种加工硬化材料(Al 6061-T 6511和Annealed 1100 Al)承受轴向拉伸、环向内压、轴向-环向混合比例加载时的后继屈服面,将模型预测的结果与文献中的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,所提模型能较好地预测后继屈服面的演化,并能分析其物理机制,为后继屈服面的演化研究提供了一种可行的方法。     

基于特征参数趋势进化的故障诊断和预测方法

 采用时间序列方法对可以表征系统故障状态的特征参数的趋势进化进行预测,同时考虑特征参数的概率分布特性,给出了对系统进行故障诊断和预测的方法。在已获得特征参数监测数据的基础上,分别对具有广义强度/故障阈值确定分布或故障模式特征参数空间分布两种形式的故障判据,提出了利用二次指数平滑预测模型对系统未来某时刻的故障状态进行预测的方法。给出包括故障概率和故障指数在内的故障诊断和预测结果形式,可进一步为系统的维修决策等提供参考。     

热轧AZ31镁合金超塑变形中的微观组织演变及断裂行为

通过热轧工艺制备了具有细晶微观组织的AZ31镁合金薄板。在250-450℃的温度范围和0.7×10-3-1.4×10-1s-1的初始应变速率范围内研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板的超塑性流变行为。分别通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了AZ31镁合金超塑性变形中的微观组织演变和断裂行为,并计算了不同温度下的变形激活能。结果表明,从300℃开始,热轧AZ31镁合金开始表现出超塑性的流变特征。在400℃,0.7×10-3s-1的变形条件下,最大延伸率可达362.5％,显示了良好的超塑性能。在300-400℃的超塑变形温度范围内,AZ31镁合金超塑变形的主要机制是由晶界扩散控制的晶界滑移,而变形温度和应变速率对AZ31镁合金断裂行为的影响主要体现在变形机制从晶内滑移到晶界滑移的转变。     

柱面气相散心爆轰波胞格演化规律研究

本文采用二阶精度NND格式,应用改进的二阶段化学反应模型,通过求解二维Euler方程对柱面气相散心爆轰波胞格演化过程进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明在传播过程中,空间尺度的扩张导致了散心爆轰波后气流的自然膨胀,使得多波结构的爆轰阵面呈现出显著的胞格自组织特性.根据计算结果与理论分析,本文归纳了五种胞格演化模式,分别命名为内凹波阵面会聚、波阵面扭结、褶皱波面失稳、胞格自合并和三波点滑移,并定义了各种模式的物理特征,分析了其相关的演化机制和规律.     

The dust content of clusters of galaxies

We have statistically investigated the infrared luminosity of clusters of galaxies in comparison with the known tracers of the cluster mass like the X-ray luminosity and the cluster richness (e.g. the number of member galaxies). Our results show that there is a clear positive correlation of the infrared luminosity with the cluster mass. Quantitatively speaking, the infrared luminosity is on average 20 times higher than the X-ray luminosity. Moreover, the infrared luminosity increases with the redshift. This probably shows that a major part of this infrared luminosity is due to star formation in the member galaxies. Another possible contribution would be the thermal emission from dust particles in the diffuse intracluster medium. However our method does not allow us to infer conclusions about this second hypothesis. Depending on their size and abundance, such particles would contribute to the infrared luminosity of galaxy cluster and have an impact on the cooling function of the baryons and thus on the formation of the large scale structures. This is an important cosmological question which still remains open.     

SETI in the light of cosmic convergent evolution

Theodosius Dobzhansky, one of the founding fathers of the modern evolutionary synthesis, once famously stated that “nothing makes sense in biology except in the light of evolution”. Here it will be argued that nothing in astrobiology makes sense except in the light of “Cosmic Convergent Evolution” (CCE). This view of life contends that natural selection is a universal force of nature that leads to the emergence of similarly adapted life forms in analogous planetary biospheres. Although SETI historically preceded the rise of astrobiology that we have witnessed in the recent decade, one of its main tenets from the beginning was the convergence of life on a cosmic scale toward intelligent behavior and subsequent communication via technological means. The question of cultural convergence in terms of symbolic exchange, language and scientific capabilities between advanced interstellar civilizations has been the subject of ongoing debate. However, at the core of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence lies in essence a biological problem since even post-biological extraterrestrial intelligences must have had an origin based on self-replicating biopolymers. Thus, SETI assumes a propensity of the Universe towards biogenesis in accordance with CCE, a new evolutionary concept which posits the multiple emergence of life across the Cosmos. Consequently, we have to wonder about the biophilic properties the Universe apparently exhibits, as well as to try to find an encompassing theory that is able to explain this “fine-tuning” in naturalistic terms. The aims of this paper are as follows: 1) to emphasize the importance of convergent evolution in astrobiology and ongoing SETI research; 2) to introduce novel and biology-centered cosmological ideas such as the “Selfish Biocosm Hypothesis” and the “Evo Devo Universe” as valuable arguments in theorizing about the origin and nature of extraterrestrial intelligence and 3) to synthesize these findings within an emerging post-biological paradigm on which future SETI efforts may be founded.     

非预混火焰热斑产生和演化的理论计算

对于非预混火焰来说,燃烧反应区被扩散掺混作用控制,火焰体现出比较强的分布式特征,在扰动较大的情形下,火焰面会出现被撕裂的特征。这种情况下,热斑的产生和演化问题就成了非预混火焰稳定性研究中的一个重要问题。以一个理想二维平板非预混火焰为研究对象,在伯克-舒曼经典假设的前提下,通过格林函数法理论计算非预混火焰热斑的产生与演化的整个过程。研究发现较小的St数、较大的Pe数以及较快的对流速度有利于热斑向燃烧区下游的传播。这些结果将有助于理解非预混燃烧不稳定性的相关机理以及发展相应的控制方法。     

TiC 颗粒增强钛基复合材料的动态损伤本构

分析了TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的微损伤演化规律,建立了含损伤演化的动态本构模型。TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料在拉伸载荷作用下,微裂纹以翼型裂纹形式扩展,基于平面翼型裂纹扩展模型,建立了二维动态损伤本构关系,并退化到一维拉伸状态,假设微裂纹成核规律满足Weibull分布,得到了一维拉伸应力状态下能够反映TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的损伤演化规律的宏细观相结合的动态本构关系。模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于自适应差分进化和BP网络的罗盘误差补偿

To improve the acuuracy of heading angle measured by electronic compass, a new error compensation method is proposed based on adaptive differential evolution algorithm and BP neural network. In the method, the 3 layer BP neural network is used to model heading angle error, and adaptive differential evolution algorithm is adopted to train the weights of network, thus obtaining a more exact error model, and compensating the heading angle error measured by electronic compass. Compared with other compensation methods such as 8 position least squares, BP neural network, differential evolution algorithm for optimizing BP neural network, and so on, its error compensation accuracy is significantly improved, the method has strong global optimization ability, great convergence rate, good stability, and so on. The experimental results show that after compensation, the error range of heading angle is decreased from -16°~30.7° to -0.22° ~0.2°, which satisfies the needs of higher accuracy navigation systems.     

基于多因素耦合的机构可靠性仿真试验方法

本文提出一种基于多因素耦合的机构可靠性仿真试验方法,该方法将机构可靠性影响因素分为原始因素、累积性使用因素和非累积性使用因素,将机构状态分为原始状态和工作状态。仿真试验过程中,首先以原始因素为随机变量进行抽样,并将其代入性能函数以建立仿真试验的样本。然后针对某个样本,依次在各个时刻以使用因素为随机变量进行抽样,将抽样结果依次代入该样本并判断其是否失效,以得出该样本的寿命。依次得出每个样本的寿命并据此对机构进行可靠性演化分析。最后以舱门锁为案例对本方法进行了验证,结果表明本文所提方法能较为真实的模拟机构在其服役过程中的可靠性演化规律。本文所提方法同时适用于同类复杂机构。