Rocket observation of the near-infrared extragalactic background radiation

Near-infrared diffuse radiation at 1 μm – 5 μm was observed using cold optics on board a sounding rocket. The observed surface brightness is too bright to be explained by known diffuse sources and its significant part is possibly attributed to the cosmic origin. Extragalactic background radiation thus obtained is brighter than theoretically estimated so that new energy sources at an early epoch of the universe are required.     

基于自适应差分进化的矿卡转向运动学仿真

以220 t矿卡自卸车转向系统为基础,建立转向梯形在空间坐标下的运动学方程,并考虑主销后倾角和内倾角的影响,在ADAMS软件中建立模型验证其正确性.重点利用MATLAB软件编制双审判自适应差分进化算法程序,针对变量梯形臂长K、底角Φ求解全局最优化转向特性,使220 t矿卡自卸车内外轮转角满足考虑轮胎侧偏特性的阿克曼转向几何关系,实现车轮在转向时作纯滚动.与ADAMS优化结果作对比分析,结果表明前者的优化效果更明显.实车轮胎对比性试验证明其转向设计更加合理,改善了矿卡自卸车较为严重的轮胎磨损现象,延长了轮胎工作寿命.     

复合材料端框渐进损伤分析方法与试验

针对复合材料格栅加筋圆筒的上下端框,进行了3种不同尺寸和铺层顺序的端框片段模型的拉伸试验,得出其破坏形式和极限载荷.建立端框的有限元模型,基于不同的强度理论进行端框的渐进损伤分析,并对计算结果进行比较.以Zinoviev强度理论为基础,从破坏判据和刚度衰减两方面将其扩展为三维理论,并结合Hashin准则进行破坏模式的判断,形成了改进的Zinoviev强度理论,并以此进行端框模型的损伤演化分析和强度预报,数值模拟结果与试验结果取得了很好的一致性.     

T300/QY8911单向板湿热性能模拟与损伤分析

测试了不同湿热条件下T300/QY8911单向板的弯曲性能,建立了湿热条件下复合材料单向板的弯曲有限元模型,模拟了湿热条件下T300/QY8911单向板的弯曲性能,开发了复合材料损伤演化仿真模块,对湿热条件下T300/QY8911单向板弯曲损伤演化过程进行了仿真.结果表明:湿热条件下T300/QY8911单向板的弯曲模量具有较高的保持率,弯曲强度随湿热条件的变化差异较大,模量和强度的模拟结果与试验值的误差分别小于6%和2%,建立的弯曲有限元模型,能够比较准确地预测不同湿热条件下复合材料单向板的弯曲性能.     

基本随机变量的重要性测度及其概率密度演化算法

为进一步完善当前的基本变量的重要性分析,在单一的矩独立的重要性测度指标的基础上,建立了一个新的矩独立的重要性测度指标体系,该体系包括基本变量的总重要性测度、平均总重要性测度、主重要性测度和平均主重要性测度,用以衡量不同要求下基本随机变量对系统或模型输出响应整体不确定性的影响程度.给出了各个重要性测度指标的定义,分析了各个重要性测度指标的工程意义和适用范围.结合概率密度演化方法高效、准确的优点,提出了一种基于概率密度演化方法的重要性测度求解方法.文中算例证明:所提指标体系相比当前指标体系更加全面合理,所提方法能在高精度求得各重要性测度结果的基础上大幅提高计算效率.     

直面未来挑战——德国空军训练变革情况介绍

介绍了德刚空军未来任务能力对其训练发展提m的新要求，分析了德刚空军训练机构的编制体制变革，详细阐述了其训练体制新发展，最后对其变革方向进行了总结。     

Constitutive behavior and microstructural evolution in hot deformed 2297 Al-Li alloy

The microstructural evolution mechanism and constitutive behavior of 2297 Al-Li alloy were studied via thermal compression test with the constant strain rates of 0.001–1 s⁻¹ and the deformation temperatures ranging from 623 to 773 K. To verify the predictable ability of diverse constitutive models under different stress states, the hot compression experiments with stress triaxiality varying from −0.33 to 0.46 were conducted. The microstructures of the deformed specimens under diverse deformation conditions are probed to reveal the mechanism of hot deformation behavior. The experimental results indicate that the work-hardening and dynamic softening are competitive during the hot compression process, and the dynamic softening is more obvious under low deformation temperature and high strain rate. The microstructural analysis manifests that the dynamic recovery gets predominant at high deformation temperature to produce fine grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic recrystallization becomes more dominant as the strain rate decreases, which is sensitive to the stress triaxiality. In addition, both the modified Johnson-Cook model and strain-compensated Arrhenius-type function are suitable for describing the flow behavior of 2297 alloy, while the latter reveals a more accurate prediction. However, the predictability of the two kinds of models is worsened with the transformation of stress triaxiality, and the validity of the Arrhenius-type model is restricted by high stress triaxiality.     

Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease. The increase in the oxygen concentration in ullage ranges from 0.82% to 5.92% upon stimulation of heating and from 0.735% to 12.36% upon stimulation of a pressure decrease for an inert ullage in the simulations. The heating accelerates the release of the dissolved oxygen from the fuel by increasing the mass transfer rate in the mass transfer source and decreasing the pressure, thereby accelerating the dissolved oxygen evolution by increasing the concentration difference between the gas and the fuel. The time constant that represents the oxygen evolution rate is independent of the initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert tank but depends closely on the fuel load, temperature and pressure. The time constant can be fitted using a polynomial equation relating the fuel load to temperature in the heating stimulation with an accuracy of 4.77%. Upon stimulation of a pressure decrease, the time constant can be expressed in terms of the fuel load and the pressure, with an accuracy of 5.02%.     

Adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems

Optimization problems are often highly constrained and evolutionary algorithms(EAs)are effective methods to tackle this kind of problems. To further improve search efficiency and convergence rate of EAs, this paper presents an adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm(ADCQGA) for solving constrained optimization problems. ADCQGA makes use of doubleindividuals to represent solutions that are classified as feasible and infeasible solutions. Fitness(or evaluation) functions are defined for both types of solutions. Based on the fitness function, three types of step evolution(SE) are defined and utilized for judging evolutionary individuals. An adaptive rotation is proposed and used to facilitate updating individuals in different solutions.To further improve the search capability and convergence rate, ADCQGA utilizes an adaptive evolution process(AEP), adaptive mutation and replacement techniques. ADCQGA was first tested on a widely used benchmark function to illustrate the relationship between initial parameter values and the convergence rate/search capability. Then the proposed ADCQGA is successfully applied to solve other twelve benchmark functions and five well-known constrained engineering design problems. Multi-aircraft cooperative target allocation problem is a typical constrained optimization problem and requires efficient methods to tackle. Finally, ADCQGA is successfully applied to solving the target allocation problem.     

Exploring links between crater floor mineralogy and layered lunar crust

Floors of similar sized craters, representing material from similar depth horizons, have been studied to explore their suitability as mineralogy indicators at various depths within the lunar crust. Clementine UV–vis multispectral data was used to generate mineral abundance maps of crater floors and surroundings using a modified version of algorithm given by Pieters et al. (2001) [Pieters, C.M., Head, J.W., Gaddis, L., Jolliff, B. and Duke, M. Rock types of the south pole aitken basin and extent of basaltic volcanism, JGR (106) E11, 28001–28022, 2001.]. Substantial processing of the crater floor material due to variety of geological processes is evident in the generated maps, making straight forward interpretations difficult. However, systematic compositional trends in fresh craters on the floors of target craters seem to indicate the feasibility of such an effort.