含沟槽轴对称杆疲劳寿命的损伤力学闭合解

 首先建立了工程中常见的含环形沟槽轴对称杆的一个损伤力学守恒积分。利用此积分的守恒性与小范围损伤的条件,证明了在应力集中点有损伤时之应变比能等于无损伤时之应变比能。然后根据以损伤驱动力表示的损伤演化方程,通过分离变量积分获得疲劳裂纹形成寿命的闭合解。根据以上分析与结论,利用一种应力集中系数为K-T1试件的实验中值S-N曲线及相应数据确定了一种材料的疲劳演化参数,从而推出同样材料的其他应力集中系数为K-T2试件的中值S-N曲线。该项研究的应用可以大大地节约疲劳试验的机时与费用。     

On Nonlinear-Evolution of C-type Instability in Nonparallel Boundary Layers

The process of evolution, especially that of nonlinear evolution, of C-type instability of laminar-turbulent flow transition in nonparallel boundary layers are studied by means of a newly developed method called parabolic stability equations （PSE）. Initial conditions, which are very important for the nonlinear problem, are investigated by computing initial solution of the harmonic waves, modifying the mean-flow-distortion, and giving initial value of TS wave and its subharmonic waves at initial station by solving linear PSE. A numerical method with high-order accuracy are developed in the text, the key normalization conditions in the PSE are satisfied, and nonlinear PSE are solved efficiently and implemented stably by the spatial marching. It has been shown that the computed process of nonlinear evolution of C-type instability in Blasius boundary layer is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

TC11钛合金高温流变行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有β转变组织的TC11钛合金在温度1030～1090℃和应变速率0.001～10s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得β区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.32和135.5kJ×mol-1,表明β区的热变形主要受扩散所控制.组织观察发现,试验条件下原始β晶粒有两种细化方式,一种是以变形拉长的原始β晶粒晶界布满项链状的细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式;另一种是以变形拉长的具有锯齿形晶界的原始β晶粒内部布满细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式.高温变形后保温期间的软化行为表明,原始β晶粒的细化方式取决于变形过程中位错的产生和消失之间的竞争机制.     

ICMEs Likely From the Same Active Region Observed by Both Helios 1 and IMP 8

The chance of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) observed by widely-separated spacecraft is rare. However, such an event provides us a good opportunity to study the propagation and evolution of ICMEs in the heliosphere. On day 72 of 1975, an ICME was observed by Helios 1 at 0.3 AU, while a similar solar wind structure was observed by IMP 8 at Earth on day 70 of 1975. On the basis of comparison of the plasma signatures and the transit time from Helios 1 to IMP 8, we hypothesize the observed ICMEs by both spacecraft are resulted from the same active region on the solar surface. A one-dimensional MHD model was used to track the ICME from Helios 1 (0.3 AU) to Earth. The observed plasma profiles and timing are close to those predicted by our MHD model and thus, give the supports to the model.      

基于变形力数据的结构件残余应力场重构方法

残余应力是引起零件加工变形和失效的重要因素,残余应力场的重构有助于消除和控制零件在设计、制造、评价和使用过程中的残余应力。针对已有方法难以准确重构残余应力场的问题,提出了一种通过零件加工过程中的变形力数据实现零件残余应力场重构的方法。该方法首先提取了由于材料去除引起的应力重新分布带来的装夹力变化数据,即变形力。残余应力到变形力之间通过协方差矩阵自适应进化策略(CMA-ES算法)反复迭代求解出映射关系,从而构建出零件的残余应力场,最后在仿真环境下对该方法进行了验证。验证结果表明:该方法能较好地预测残余应力场,重构出的零件的初始残余应力场与原始施加的应力场平均误差值约0.38 MPa,为零件残余应力场的重构提供了一种新思路。     

损伤演化对Ti6Al4V高速切削仿真结果的影响

利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了Ti6Al4V二维切削仿真模型,在模型其他参数（本构参数、初始损伤参数等）固定不变时,得到了不同损伤演化特征参数（断裂能）取值下的切削力、切削温度和切屑形貌,以此来研究损伤演化过程对仿真结果的影响。研究发现随着断裂能取值的减小,仿真的切削力、切削温度会降低,切屑的锯齿化程度会变得严重。在切削速度为180 m/min,进给量为0.1 mm/r的条件下进行了Ti6Al4V正交切削实验,测量了切削力,将仿真得到的主切削力和切屑锯齿化程度与实验结果进行对比,确定了适合本研究建立的仿真模型的合理断裂能值。结果表明,在使用此断裂能取值时,仿真得到的切削力和切屑形态与实验值有很好的一致性。在消除了能量密度对仿真模型的影响后,进行了4组验证实验,仿真结果与验证实验的结果相吻合,证明了断裂能取值的准确性。     

卫星热控涂层地面模拟试验与在轨验证比对分析

卫星在轨运行期间,热控涂层要经受空间复杂环境效应的影响,其光学和热控性能逐渐下降,影响卫星可靠性和寿命。本文利用卫星搭载技术,完成热控涂层5年的在轨试验,验证空间多因素环境对热控涂层的影响。同时,利用地面模拟试验装置,模拟空间质子、电子、紫外等5年的辐照剂量对热控涂层的作用。对在轨试验结果进行解读和分析,并与地面模拟试验结果进行比对。结果显示,在搭载试验和地面试验前,热控涂层太阳吸收比（α_s）为0.12,经5年在轨搭载试验后,α_s退化为0.23。经地面模拟试验后,α_s退化为0.22。搭载试验和地面试验的热控涂层性能均呈现线性退化规律,表明在确定的轨道环境和固定的剂量率条件下,热控涂层的退化与环境作用时间正相关,同时验证了地面试验的有效性。     

民用航空涡扇发动机短舱外部阻力试验方法研究

为了发展一种适用于大涵道比民用航空涡扇发动机短舱外部阻力的试验方法,对NACA-1系列轴对称短舱试验进行改进,并在2.4m跨声速风洞中完成了试验研究,获取了某型大涵道比民用航空涡扇发动机短舱在马赫数0.388～0.86的外部阻力,通过数值仿真与试验结果对比,验证了试验方案的可行性.结果表明,经过改进的试验方案的攻角适用...     

滚动轴承振动性能状态演变的非线性特征和不确定性特征的灰关系分析

为了更加全面有效地监测滚动轴承服役过程中其振动性能状态的演变历程,用关联维数和盒维数表征振动性能状态演变的非线性,用振动数据瞬时值的波动范围和平均值的波动范围表征振动性能状态演变的不确定性。运用灰关系分析法求解参数序列之间的灰置信水平,进而分析轴承振动性能状态演变的非线性特征和不确定性特征之间的非线性相关程度。两个案例表明：总体上来看,关联维数和盒维数均有减小的趋势,瞬时值的波动范围和平均值的波动范围都有增大的趋势,而且它们在突变点处有某种意义上的对应关系。非线性特征参数序列和不确定性特征参数序列总体上有负相关关系,且不确定性参数序列与关联维数的灰置信水平均比其与盒维数的灰置信水平要高。     

X-ray broad line emission in Seyfert galaxies: Mrk 766 and NGC 4051

Long (>100 ks) observations of the bright Seyfert galaxies Mrk 766 and NGC 4051 have been obtained using XMM-Newton. The RGS 5–38 Å spectra reveal evidence of broad features. These can be modelled with relativistic emission lines coming from the immediate vicinity of a massive rotating black hole. Lines of OVIII, NVII and CVI are required to reproduce the spectrum of Mrk 766, whereas the spectrum of NGC 4051 can be modelled using a single, even broader OVIII line. Both Seyferts also exhibit broad iron line emission in the 2–8 keV range, and the data available thus far suggest that the strength of the low-energy emission lines and the strength of the iron line may be correlated.