XMM-Newton temperature maps for five intermediate redshift clusters of galaxies

We have analyzed XMM-Newton archive data for five clusters of galaxies (redshifts 0.223–0.313) covering a wide range of dynamical states, from relaxed objects to clusters undergoing several mergers. We present here temperature maps of the X-ray gas together with a preliminary interpretation of the formation history of these clusters.     

Extragalactic observations and future missions

We briefly review some questions of extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology that would most benefit from future missions outside the Earth's atmosphere in the IR and submillimeter. These include the formation and early evolution phases in galaxies and the probably related question of quasar formation; the observation of Active Galactic Nuclei embedded in thick dusty structures (torii) and its impact on the still debated unified model of AGN activity; the observability of radiation processes occurring at very highz through background measurements; the investigation of the large scale structure and velocity field in the distant universe; and studies of the interstellar medium in galaxies. Some more emphasis is given on the galaxy formation problem, because we believe that IR-mm sensitive observations will be crucial to its final solution.     

星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究进展

半个世纪以来，宇航科技工作者对卫星发射力学环境的认识逐步深入，从而带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术发展步伐的加快，对航天器设计的要求越来越高，星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究的迫切性日益凸出。本文重点针对星箭力学环境分析与试验技术所涉及的航天器力学环境预示、航天器力学环境试验和星箭力学环境匹配优化等三方面技术的国内外研究进展进行了综合分析评述；指出了三者之间相辅相成、缺一不可的内在联系：预示分析决定着试验的方法和条件，力学试验又反过来验证预示分析的准确性，力学环境预示分析和试验的准确性和有效性为星箭力学环境匹配优化的顺利开展提供重要保障。最后，根据航天工程的需要，提出了今后在星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。     

The effectiveness of end-of-life re-orbiting for debris mitigation in geostationary orbit

The effect of satellite breakups over 72 years, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbiting altitude (0–2000km), was analyzed in terms of fragment contribution to the object density in the geostationary orbit (GEO) ring, both in the short- and long-term. In the short-term, the explosions in GEO are the most detrimental for the GEO ring environment, though the average fragment density in the ring is never higher than 1/5 of the background, decreasing to less than 1/100 of the existing environment after 4 years (apart from a density rebound 5 decades later, due to luni-solar perturbations). Spacecraft end-of-life re-orbiting is a possible mitigation solution. But the re-orbiting altitude is critical if explosions continue to occur. In order to reduce the post-event average density by 1 order of magnitude with respect to an explosion occurring in GEO, more than 500km of re-orbiting is needed. Concerning the long-term environmental impact, the re-orbiting strategy supported by Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) seems adequate to guarantee, after 2–3 years, a long-term average density of fragments in the GEO ring of at least 2 orders of magnitude below the existing background. But at least 1000km of re-orbiting are needed to stay below that threshold in the short-term too. In conclusion, the re-orbiting strategy recommended by IADC is totally adequate in the long-term, but only if satellite passivation is extensively carried out.     

The Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way Disk

A brief review is presented of our current understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way disk and of its relevance to "cosmic chemical evolution" studies. The implications of this understanding for the evolution of deuterium are emphasized.     

Global value of Hubble constant

Multiaperture photometry in V (5500Å), r (6738Å) and IV (10500Å) of 52 spirals in nearby clusters Virgo, Fornax and Grus and farther clusters Cancer, Zw 74-23 and Peg I in the redshift range up to 6000 Km s⁻¹ was combined with HI width to derive three independant distances for each galaxy in these clusters.The plot between the mean distance of each cluster and its redshift, indicates the Hubble ratios of distant clusters Cancer, Zw 74-23 and Peg I are about 77 Km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹. Further, the Hubble ratios of distant clusters vary only from 76.3 to 78.9 Km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ while those of nearby clusters Virgo, Fornax and Grus vary through a large range of 58.5 to 83.5 Km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹. We interpret these data by postulating a systematic motion toward Virgo for the Local Group.The best value for the global Hubble constant from farther and nearby clusters is derived as 74.3± 4 Km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ and an average value of 289±60 Km s⁻¹ for the infall velocity of the Local Group toward Virgo is also derived.     

激波加速的密度分层流体交界面的演化

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式，数值模拟了在不同强度的激波作用下两种不同密度流体交界面的演化过程，详细给出了交界面上由于斜压效应产生的涡列的演化过程。     

The X-ray evolution of galaxies: implications for future X-ray observatories

The X-ray evolution of the luminosity of normal galaxies is primarily driven by the evolution of their X-ray binary populations. The imprints left by a cosmological evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) will cause the average X-ray luminosity of galaxies to appear higher in the redshift range 1–3. As reported by White and Ghosh [ApJ, 504 (1998) L31] the profile of X-ray luminosity with redshift can both serve as a diagnostic probe of the SFR profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. In order to observe the high redshift (z>3) universe in the X-ray band, it is necessary to avoid confusion from foreground field galaxies. We report on the predictions of these models of the X-ray flux expected from galaxies and the implications for the telescope parameters of future deep universe X-ray observatories.     

民用飞机维修间隔优化调整方法研究

航空公司对服役后飞机的初始维修大纲进行优化调整,是为了在保证安全性与可靠性的同时降低维修成本,而优化调整的实施往往基于航空公司针对每个MRB维修任务所报告的服役数据来进行.为了提高服役数据的评估质量,在理论研究和大量工程实践的基础上,建立了相应的分析流程及计算模型,用以辅助维修任务时间间隔调整的决策.