Gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei: Emission processes and particle acceleration

It is argued that the high-energy X-ray and -ray emission from flaring blazars is beamed radiation from the relativistic jet supporting the relativistic beaming hypothesis and the unified scenario for AGNs. Most probably the high-energy emission results from inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons and positrons in the jet of radiation originating external to the jet plus pair annihilation radiation from the jet. Future positive TeV detections of EGRET AGN sources will be decisive to identify the prominent target photon radiation field. Direct -ray production by energetic hadrons is not important for the flaring phase in -ray blazars, but the acceleration of energetic hadrons during the quiescent phase of AGNs is decisive as the source of secondary electrons and positrons through photo-pair and photo-pion production. Injection of ultrahigh energy secondary electrons and positrons into a stochastic quasilinear acceleration scheme during the quiescent AGN phase leads to cooling electron-positron distribution functions with a strong cut-off at low but relativistic energy that under certain local conditions may trigger a plasma instability that gives rise to an explosive event and the flaring -ray phase.     

针刺C/C圆筒构件内/外压试验与仿真研究

根据某扩张段采用的针刺C/C复合材料制备圆筒构件试验件,设计外压和内压试验工装,对其开展内外压试验研究,总结结构应力分布规律,并与有限元仿真结果进行对比,仿真结果与试验结果一致性较好,获得了准确高精度3D圆筒构件水压仿真计算模型。试验及仿真结果对于改进固体火箭发动机针刺C/C复合材料喷管扩张段结构设计,修正材料本构模型参数,预估结构安全裕度有着重要的参考价值。     

Water in Space: The Water World of ISO

In this review we present the main results obtained by the ISO satellite on the abundance and spatial distribution of water vapor in the direction of molecular clouds, evolved stars, galaxies, and in the bodies of our Solar System. We also discuss the modeling of H₂O and the difficulties found in the interpretation of the data, the need of collisional rates and the perspectives that future high angular and high spectral resolution observations of H₂O with the Herschel Space Observatory will open.     

TiB2颗粒诱导AlSi5电弧增材微观组织演变及性能研究

铝合金的电弧增材制造过程中因持续热积累而引起组织分布不均匀和溶质偏析,导致其性能各向异性。针对这一问题,设计了TiB₂纳米颗粒添加铝合金的钨极氩弧(Tungsten inert gas,TIG)增材制造工艺。在电弧增材制造过程中,通过表面预涂层的方式将纳米TiB₂颗粒添加到试样中,对比研究了纳米TiB₂颗粒不同质量分数对AlSi5合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着TiB₂质量分数的增加,AlSi5合金的微观组织不均匀性得到明显改善,1.5%TiB₂的添加使AlSi5合金的晶粒尺寸从226μm减小到85.6μm,且引起(110)和(112)基面上的织构明显减弱,最大取向密度呈下降的趋势;与无颗粒添加的AlSi5增材试样相比,颗粒添加后的沉积层硬度与弹性模量均得到显著提高,硬度值从879MPa增加到1253MPa,弹性模量从81.9GPa增加到88.3GPa。     

The Formation Of The First Stars In The Universe

In this review, I survey our current understanding of how the very first stars in the universe formed, with a focus on three main areas of interest: the formation of the first protogalaxies and the cooling of gas within them, the nature and extent of fragmentation within the cool gas, and the physics – in particular the interplay between protostellar accretion and protostellar feedback – that serves to determine the final stellar mass. In each of these areas, I have attempted to show how our thinking has developed over recent years, aided in large part by the increasing ease with which we can now perform detailed numerical simulations of primordial star formation. I have also tried to indicate the areas where our understanding remains incomplete, and to identify some of the most important unsolved problems.     

低纬电离层等离子体块相关等离子体泡演化期间的虚高变化

针对东亚地区地磁低纬度南北半球Vanimo台站（地理2.7°S,141.3°E;地磁 11.2°S,146.2°W）和海南台站（地理19.5°N,109.1°E;地磁9.1°N,179.1°W）上空的3个电离层等离子体块与等离子体泡相关联的事件,利用地面台站的电离层测高仪连续观测数据,研究等离子体泡演化期间的电离层虚高变化。结果表明：以往提出的等离子体块出现约2 h之前等离子体垂直漂移速度从向上（东向电场）转为向下（西向电场）的观点,本文的3个事例均与之不符,或者距反转时间很远（约6 h）,或者由向下转为向上。在等离子体块形成时间点前的1 h内,均有突发的等离子体堆积的运动趋势,或是下降运动速度突然变慢,或是从下降转为向上运动,或是上升运动速度突然加快。这一堆积现象与等离子体块现象相关性更好,也不仅限于漂移速度从向上转变为向下。

     

圆棒阴极展成电解加工间隙特性的研究

建立了圆棒阴极展成电解加工的数学物理模型并以计算机求解，根据计算结果提出了加工间隙的简便算法。经试验验证，该简便算法在工程上是可行的，最后分析了工艺参数对加工间隙的影响。     

可压缩平板边界层转捩的大涡模拟

入口利用层流速度型叠加二维和三维Tollmien-Schliting(T-S)波,应用动态亚格子模型、预处理技术以及高精度算法,采用大涡模拟(Large eddy simulation,LES)数值计算方法,对可压缩平板边界层空间模式的转捩机理及其拟序结构进行了研究。计算结果展示了T-S波经历线性、非线性发展阶段破碎形成发卡涡,最终演化成具有4个涡环的涡链结构的整个过程,并揭示了发卡涡涡腿并非完整对称及低速条带在涡环产生的位置不连续的现象,探讨了主流向涡与壁面相互作用诱导生成次流向涡的机理。     

数控展成电解加工整体叶轮的研究与应用

针对整体叶轮扭曲叶片型面的加工提出一种新方法--数控展成电解加工,介绍了这种加工方法的机床及多轴联动方法,给出曲面处理及数控编程方法。通过对展成加工过程的分析和简化,进行了成型规律研究,得出加工中存在的理论误差表达式,提出改进方案消除了部分加工误差,并通过试验验证。用这种加工方式已加工出符合要求的整体叶轮,并已在航空发动机中装机使用。     

东亚地区电离层Es出现率峰值的时空演变

通过对东亚地区20多个台的电离层垂测资料,进行逐年、逐月与逐台的比较研究,发现Es出现率峰(Es出现率最大处)具有时空演变.冬季的白天,峰位于低纬;夏季的白天,峰的位置随太阳活动的不同而变动;春秋两季的峰不明显,隐约可见其振荡在类似于海口与国分寺的纬度之间;夜晚,兰州、新乡与国分寺,几乎既是夜晚各季节的主峰所在,又是白天冬夏季节的亚峰地点.可见Es出现率峰,有着十分规则的变化,这一点与以往结论有别.