改进遗传算法的纵列式直升机总体参数优化设计

研究纵列式双旋翼直升机总体参数的优化设计方法,在分析双旋翼气动干扰对旋翼气动特性影响的基础上,采用改进的遗传算法,以运输效率为目标、以飞行性能和重量效率等参数为约束条件,建立优化设计模型,优化纵列式直升机总体参数。以CH-47D纵列式直升机为优化算例,计算结果表明,本文提出的优化方法是可行的,优化效果良好。     

Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible mechanisms for production of non-thermal electrons which are responsible for the observed non-thermal radiation in clusters of galaxies. Our primary focus is on non-thermal Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering, that produce hard X-ray emission. We first give a brief review of acceleration mechanisms and point out that in most astrophysical situations, and in particular for the intracluster medium, shocks, turbulence and plasma waves play a crucial role. We also outline how the effects of the turbulence can be accounted for. Using a generic model for turbulence and acceleration, we then consider two scenarios for production of non-thermal radiation. The first is motivated by the possibility that hard X-ray emission is due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung by nonrelativistic particles and attempts to produce non-thermal tails by accelerating the electrons from the background plasma with an initial Maxwellian distribution. For acceleration rates smaller than the Coulomb energy loss rate, the effect of energising the plasma is to primarily heat the plasma with little sign of a distinct non-thermal tail. Such tails are discernible only for acceleration rates comparable or larger than the Coulomb loss rate. However, these tails are accompanied by significant heating and they are present for a short time of <10⁶ years, which is also the time that the tail will be thermalised. A longer period of acceleration at such rates will result in a runaway situation with most particles being accelerated to very high energies. These more exact treatments confirm the difficulty with this model, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557:560, 2001). Such non-thermal tails, even if possible, can only explain the hard X-ray but not the radio emission which needs GeV or higher energy electrons. For these and for production of hard X-rays by the inverse Compton model, we need the second scenario where there is injection and subsequent acceleration of relativistic electrons. It is shown that a steady state situation, for example arising from secondary electrons produced from cosmic ray proton scattering by background protons, will most likely lead to flatter than required electron spectra or it requires a short escape time of the electrons from the cluster. An episodic injection of relativistic electrons, presumably from galaxies or AGN, and/or episodic generation of turbulence and shocks by mergers can result in an electron spectrum consistent with observations but for only a short period of less than one billion years.     

基于GRNN网络和遗传算法的旋翼动平衡调整

针对传统旋翼调整方法没有考虑调整参数与振动信号之间的非线性关系,提出一种结合广义回归神经网络GRNN(General Regression Neural Network)和遗传算法的旋翼调整方法,采用GRNN建立旋翼动平衡调整模型,以桨叶调整参数作为GRNN输入,以旋翼转轴3个方向的加速度测量值和机身3个方向加速度测量值作为网络输出,建立调整参数与直升机振动信号之间的模型.以直升机振动作为目标函数,采用改进的遗传算法对桨叶调整参数进行寻优,获得直升机振动最小时的桨叶的调整量.飞行实验表明,通过1到2次飞行调整,可使3个方向机身振动(旋翼的一阶振动)为最小,完成旋翼的动平衡调整.      

Report on the Kiso cometary dust trail survey

Cometary dust trails were first observed by IRAS; they are widely known to be the origins of meteoric showers. A new window has been opened for the study of dust trails, using ground-based observations. We succeeded in obtaining direct images of the 22P/Kopff dust trail with the Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. Following this initial success, we have continued to perform a dust trail survey at Kiso. As a result of this survey, we have detected dust trails along the orbit of six periodic comets, between February 2002 and March 2004. The optical depth of these dust trails are 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸, which is consistent with IRAS measurements. In this paper, we describe the observations and data reduction procedures, and report the brief result obtained between February 2002 and March 2004.     

基于6σ设计的复合推力高速直升机总体参数多目标优化

针对复合推力高速直升机总体设计阶段总体参数的选择问题,提出一种提高可靠性和鲁棒性的基于6σ设计的改进多目标遗传算法优化方法。采用叶素理论和数值积分的方法分析计算了复合推力高速直升机气动及飞行性能,并以此为基础建立了约束函数和初步目标函数模型;将6σ设计融入改进的多目标遗传算法中,构造最终目标函数;在给定有效载荷设计要求下,对复合推力高速直升机总体参数进行了多目标优化设计。该方法获得了所需的Pareto解,优化后的复合推力高速直升机飞行性能相对原机有了较大改善,算例结果表明该方法有效可行。     

推广联合滤波算法在卫星组合定姿系统中的应用

研究了不同模型下的推广联合滤波算法。基于信息融合理论和信息守恒原理，提出信息分配是信息融合的逆过程的观点，给出和证明了信息分配定理，为推广联合滤波算法提供了理论基础。以某卫星组合姿态确定系统为例，详细讨论了推广联合滤波的结构及其实现过程。理论分析和数学仿真结果表明：推广联合滤波算法比现有的联合滤波算法计算量小，且推广联合滤波算法能够同时保证全局最优和局部最优，而现有的联合滤波算法不是局部最优。     

GPS/INS组合系统空中对准方法研究

针对单天线的GPS与捷联惯性导航组合系统,提出了一种空中对准方案,不同于传统的传递对准方法,仅依靠GPS测量信息进行速度匹配,完成空中初始对准。该方案采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法解决对准过程中的非线性问题。仿真结果表明该方案的对准精度(1σ)可以达到水平姿态误差0.07,°方位误差0.3°。     

扩展企业合作产品定义过程的工作流互操作技术

利用面向对象方法和工作流技术对合作产品定义过程中的分布式工作流管理技术进行研究。建立了合作产品定义过程的动态规划模型和面向对象工作流模型及实现互操作的方法。     

通用飞机梯形机翼的富勒襟翼滑轨轨迹研究

襟翼滑轨轨迹控制着襟翼的运动轨迹,决定着其几何特性,是飞机襟翼操纵系统滑轨机构工程设计的重要输入因素.提出一种设计襟翼滑轨轨迹的新方法,该方法对梯形机翼的富勒式襟翼运动进行简化,根据襟翼的运动规律,将其运动简化为近似绕翼尖外空间一点作圆锥曲面运动,并结合CATIA V5的模拟分析,最终设计出满足要求的襟翼滑轨轨迹.运12F飞机的工程应用实践表明,该方法对通用飞机的设计具有较高的实用价值.     

全数字式操纵负荷系统设计及实现

操纵负荷系统是人在回路仿真系统中的负载模拟装置,它要完成对飞行员十分敏感的驾驶杆力和脚蹬力的仿真,其部件模型的设计满足了操纵负荷系统的通用性。此操纵负荷系统在某型机工程模拟器上的应用测试结果表明,该设计符合直升机飞行模拟器鉴定标准的C级要求。