Clusters of Galaxies: Beyond the Thermal View

We present the work of an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern that worked together to review the current observational and theoretical status of the non-virialised X-ray emission components in clusters of galaxies. The subject is important for the study of large-scale hierarchical structure formation and to shed light on the “missing baryon” problem. The topics of the team work include thermal emission and absorption from the warm-hot intergalactic medium, non-thermal X-ray emission in clusters of galaxies, physical processes and chemical enrichment of this medium and clusters of galaxies, and the relationship between all these processes. One of the main goals of the team is to write and discuss a series of review papers on this subject. These reviews are intended as introductory text and reference for scientists wishing to work actively in this field. The team consists of sixteen experts in observations, theory and numerical simulations.     

Gamma rays from accreting matter onto collapsed objects

In the spherical accretion onto massive objects, the matter may be heated up to temperatures as high as 10¹² °K. In such a hot plasma, the thermal bremsstrahlung (e-e and e-p) and π° decay from inelastic collisions of protons are the main γ-ray sources. We determined the γ -ray production spectra from the π° decay and from bremsstrahlung for different temperatures. The expected γ-ray spectra were evaluated too in order to fit experimental data. We have fitted COS B data from 3C 273 using a two temperatures plasma model. The best fit is for

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(M₈ is the black hole mass in 10⁸ M) which gives . The hard X-ray measurements do not contradict the bremsstrahlung spectrum.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热变形本构方程及其优化

通过热压缩试验研究了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在应变速率为0.001～1s-1,变形温度为713～773K时的热成形性能,并在试验数据分析的基础上,引入Zener-Hollomon参数建立了用于描述复合材料高温变形行为的本构关系模型,通过分析比较和对本构方程的进一步优化,提高了颗粒增强型铝基复合材料本构方程的拟合精度,使得计算值更接近于试验值.     

基于灰色聚类理论的工业航空区域化分布研究

通用航空在服务于国民经济发展方面具有重要的战略意义,而为工业生产建设提供航空飞行服务的工业航空作业是通用航空的重要组成部分,其作用尤为突出.结合中国不同地区自身的地理环境、经济发展等差异,研究各地区对工业航空的需求分布,可为国家制定相关政策、引导市场发展提供了借鉴依据.由于中国长期以来对通用航空缺乏有效监测,各类统计信息不完善,本文基于灰色星座聚类理论,从理论上探讨各地区对工业航空作业的主导需求,具有重要意义.     

Scheme design of the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission

Flight schemes for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission are investigated in this paper. In the flight scheme and trajectory design, the remaining propellant of the CHANG’E-5T1 mission is utilized. The CHANG’E-5T1 mission is firstly introduced with feasible flight goals derived based on the terminal trajectory and satellite status. The flight schemes are designed to include a lunar return and the libration points in the Sun-Earth/Moon and Earth-Moon systems, with an emphasis on the Earth-Moon triangle libration point thus far unexplored. Secondly, three schemes are proposed for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission with different flight goals. The direct libration point orbit transfer and injection method is adopted to solve the issue in the transfer trajectory design. Furthermore, an innovative concept is proposed to transfer from the Earth-Moon collinear libration point to the triangle point using the Sun-Earth/Moon libration point. Finally, the merits and drawbacks of the three schemes are discussed in terms of flight time, control energy and frequency, flight distance, and goal value. As a result, the scheme including a lunar return and the Earth-Moon L2 libration point is selected for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission. A flight to the Earth-Moon libration point is achieved, replicating the achievement of the ARTEMIS mission.     

一款基于ICAO标准计算模型的民机起落架漂浮特性分析软件的设计

为了满足民用飞机产品开发过程中对起落架漂浮特性分析的实际需求,设计并开发了一款实用工具软件。该软件是基于国际通用的ICAO标准计算模型开发的,实现了国际上通行的民用飞机起落架漂浮特性分析所需的3大功能,其计算分析结果的精度和国际主流飞机制造商发布的数据相当,能够很好地满足民机产品开发在设计及手册编制方面的综合要求,工程实用性很强。目前,该软件已成功应用到国产支线和单通道民用飞机产品的研发之中,经济效益显著。     

国产支线飞机航线运营经济性分析框架

国产某支线飞机进入市场化运营阶段,运营经济性成为推动民机产业发展的主导因素,亟需基于该支线飞机运营数据和实践经验研究建立国产支线飞机航线运营经济性分析框架。首先进行支线飞机潜在边际收益的因果关系分析,随后从成本和收益角度分别构建直接运营成本模型、间接运营成本模型、潜在边际收益模型、运输收益模型等,然后从年度收入成本分析、寿命周期收入成本分析、飞机投资回报分析三个维度提出支线飞机航线运营的经济性分析指标,从而构建了国产支线飞机的航线运营经济性分析框架。基于案例研究,从客公里收入、吨公里成本、收入成本利润、静态投资回收期、动态投资回收期等方面对飞机进行经济性分析,最后提出国产支线飞机的优化设计与运营经济性的相关建议。     

通用CAPP系统结构及其实现方法

在阐述通用ＣＡＰＰ（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ－ａｉｄｅｄ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ）系统应满足的条件和需要解决的问题的基础上,针对目前ＣＡＰＰ系统存在的不可移植、开发成本高等缺陷,对工艺信息属性进行了分析,采用软件框架与处理方法分离,对系统进行初始化、流程苑点的可重构等策略,提出通用ＣＡＰＰ系统的功能与结构。给出了资源适配器的构造方法和规则学习、更新、扩充的实现方法,经在ＡｕｔｏＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ系统     

反舰弹道导弹一体化协同制导与控制

为提高我国火箭军对海上慢速移动目标的精确打击能力和反舰弹道导弹的突防能力,本文针对“领弹-从弹”构型的多反舰弹道导弹一体化协同制导与控制(ICGC)问题,首先通过对数学模型的变换,将一体化协同制导与控制问题提炼为一类高阶带扰动非线性多智能体系统的协同一致性算法的设计问题。其次,针对“领弹-从弹”构型的多反舰弹道导弹系统,在动态面控制(DSC)的框架下,基于一致性理论和结合扩张状态观测器(ESO)理论,设计分布式一体化协同制导与控制律。之后,对闭环系统的稳定性和收敛特性进行了严格的理论证明与分析,并取得收敛条件。一体化协同制导与控制律保证从弹在位置和速度上协同一致地趋近于期望空间构型,并使得从弹有和领弹近乎相同的攻击角度。最后,通过数字仿真对一体化协同制导控制律进行仿真校验。     

基于星敏感器四元数的卫星角速度预测滤波算法

为在无陀螺或陀螺故障时可用星敏感器估计姿态角速度，在扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）和非线性预测滤波的基础上提出了基于四元数的卫星角速度估计算法，并给出了相应的模型。该算法对角速度建模精度的要求较低，无需卫星动力学方程，方法简单且易于实现。仿真结果表明，算法的精度较高。虽然仍受噪声和步长的影响，但相对基于EKF和最小模型误差的角速度估计算法，其性能改善较大。