时间与空间的诠释

本文从相对论的角度，论述了时间与空间的物质性，即时间与空间是物质的属性，它们依赖于物质的存在而存在，它们的性质随物质的运动状态改变而改变。时间不是独立于物质和物质的运动之外而永恒的流逝。空间也不是与物质和物质的运动无关而无限的延伸。     

改进的推广KALMAN滤波器在导弹被动制导中的应用

本文研究将改进的推广Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波器应用于导弹被动制导问题。为了提高系统的可观性，我们采用一种双重指标来设计最优导引律。仿真结果表明，如何系统状态的均值较高，波动较小，那么ＭＥＫＦ的估计精度明显优于推广Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波器。     

Clusters of Galaxies: Beyond the Thermal View

We present the work of an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern that worked together to review the current observational and theoretical status of the non-virialised X-ray emission components in clusters of galaxies. The subject is important for the study of large-scale hierarchical structure formation and to shed light on the “missing baryon” problem. The topics of the team work include thermal emission and absorption from the warm-hot intergalactic medium, non-thermal X-ray emission in clusters of galaxies, physical processes and chemical enrichment of this medium and clusters of galaxies, and the relationship between all these processes. One of the main goals of the team is to write and discuss a series of review papers on this subject. These reviews are intended as introductory text and reference for scientists wishing to work actively in this field. The team consists of sixteen experts in observations, theory and numerical simulations.     

通用CAPP系统结构及其实现方法

在阐述通用ＣＡＰＰ（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ－ａｉｄｅｄ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ）系统应满足的条件和需要解决的问题的基础上，针对目前ＣＡＰＰ系统存在的不可移植、开发成本高等缺陷，对工艺信息属性进行了分析，采用软件框架与处理方法分离，对系统进行初始化、流程苑点的可重构等策略，提出通用ＣＡＰＰ系统的功能与结构。给出了资源适配器的构造方法和规则学习、更新、扩充的实现方法，经在ＡｕｔｏＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ系统     

The James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6 m), cold (<50 K), infrared (IR)-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next decade into orbit around the second Earth–Sun Lagrange point. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-IR camera, a near-IR multiobject spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover the wavelength range, 0.6 < ; < 5.0 μ m, while the mid-IR instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 < ; < 29 μ m.The JWST science goals are divided into four themes. The key objective of The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme is to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. The key objective of The Assembly of Galaxies theme is to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. The key objective of The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme is to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary systems. The key objective of the Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme is to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Within these themes and objectives, we have derived representative astronomical observations.To enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package, a spacecraft, and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments, some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The instrument package contains the four science instruments and a fine guidance sensor. The spacecraft provides pointing, orbit maintenance, and communications. The sunshield provides passive thermal control. The JWST operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities.     

The Rosetta Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)

The Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) is a small instrument to determine the elemental composition of a given sample. For the ESA Rosetta mission, the periodical comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was selected as the target comet, where the lander PHILAE (after landing) will carry out in-situ observations. One of the instruments onboard is the APXS to make measurements on the landing site. The APXS science goal is to provide basic compositional data of the comet surface. As comets consist of a mixture of ice and dust, the dust component can be characterized and compared with known meteoritic compositions. Various element ratios can be used to evaluate whether chemical fractionations occurred in cometary material by comparing them with known chondritic material. To enable observations of the local environment, APXS measurements of several spots on the surface and one spot as function of temperature can be made. Repetitive measurements as function of heliocentric distance can elucidate thermal processes at work. By measuring samples that were obtained by drilling subsurface material can be analyzed. The accumulated APXS data can be used to shed light on state, evolution, and origin of 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko.     

Gamma rays from accreting matter onto collapsed objects

In the spherical accretion onto massive objects, the matter may be heated up to temperatures as high as 10¹² °K. In such a hot plasma, the thermal bremsstrahlung (e-e and e-p) and π° decay from inelastic collisions of protons are the main γ-ray sources. We determined the γ -ray production spectra from the π° decay and from bremsstrahlung for different temperatures. The expected γ-ray spectra were evaluated too in order to fit experimental data. We have fitted COS B data from 3C 273 using a two temperatures plasma model. The best fit is for

Full-size image (1K)

(M₈ is the black hole mass in 10⁸ M) which gives . The hard X-ray measurements do not contradict the bremsstrahlung spectrum.     

A proposal on the test of general relativity by clock transportation experiments

We propose a test of the gravitational time dilation in general relativity by long term clock comparison between two stations separated in height. The geopotential difference between the two National time keeping centers in China, Lintong (A)$(A)$ and Beijing (B)$(B)$ is around 4000 geopotential unit, which corresponds to the height difference of 400 m. Two clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ are fixed at stations A and B, respectively, which are synchronized at beginning by a portable clock C in a short time period with go-back synchronization approach. After one month, the clock C is again transported between A and B  , comparing the records of the keeping time by clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$, respectively. Calculations show that, after one month, the difference of the time durations between the clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ is around 121 ns, if general relativity is correct.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热变形本构方程及其优化

通过热压缩试验研究了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在应变速率为0.001～1s-1,变形温度为713～773K时的热成形性能,并在试验数据分析的基础上,引入Zener-Hollomon参数建立了用于描述复合材料高温变形行为的本构关系模型,通过分析比较和对本构方程的进一步优化,提高了颗粒增强型铝基复合材料本构方程的拟合精度,使得计算值更接近于试验值.     

基于灰色聚类理论的工业航空区域化分布研究

通用航空在服务于国民经济发展方面具有重要的战略意义,而为工业生产建设提供航空飞行服务的工业航空作业是通用航空的重要组成部分,其作用尤为突出.结合中国不同地区自身的地理环境、经济发展等差异,研究各地区对工业航空的需求分布,可为国家制定相关政策、引导市场发展提供了借鉴依据.由于中国长期以来对通用航空缺乏有效监测,各类统计信息不完善,本文基于灰色星座聚类理论,从理论上探讨各地区对工业航空作业的主导需求,具有重要意义.