Integrated passage design based on extended free-form deformation and adjoint optimization

Inspired by the three-dimensional design of flow passages in turbomachinery, this study proposes the concept of integrated passage design. The capability of adjoint method for efficient optimization and the flexibility of the parameterization method based on extended free-form deformation have been considered to develop a feasible approach to design an integrated passage. This concept was applied to redesign a typical transonic fan, Rotor 67, and the results were analyzed by CFX. It is shown that the passage was adequately adjusted in all three dimensions and reduced the strength of shock wave and wake-induced flow. In particular, the secondary flow was appropriately reorganized and the corner separation was well controlled in the end wall region, leading to significant improvements in adiabatic efficiency and diffusion.     

新型高低速流统一算法及其叶轮机应用

 对于可压缩/不可压缩混合流动或高低速混合流动问题,目前没有较好的解决方法。基于Roe格式及预处理方法,提出了全速度Roe格式。全速度Roe格式是将Roe格式与低速Roe格式通过一个与本地马赫数相关的函数联合而得到的。与标准Roe格式相比,对亚音速流动,全速度Roe格式中声速对数值耗散的影响随着马赫数变化而变化。与预处理Roe格式相比,全速度Roe格式简单易于实现,而且没有计算稳定性的限制,不需要采用全局截断处理,从而在理论上对高低速流动具有一致精度。事实上,全速度Roe格式意味着可以通过直接改变Roe格式的非线性特征值,解决可压不可压流动统一计算精度的问题。这是对统一算法的新观点。数值模拟表明,全速度Roe格式具有与预处理Roe格式一样的激波捕获能力、极低速流动准确模拟能力。     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统的改进算法

简要介绍了嵌入式大气数据传感系统及其空气动力学模型,提出了求解动、静压和修正参数的改进算法.改进算法首先应用Moore-Penrose广义逆矩阵对非线性方程组进行简化.然后采用改进迭代算法和BP神经网络求解动、静压和修正系数.改进算法在精度、可靠性和实时性上都能满足系统的要求.应用BP神经网络,达到系统要求的精度所需要的计算时间只相当于原有算法的5%,具有更大的实时性优势.     

Local clouds: Distribution, density and kinematics through ground-based and HST spectroscopy

The distribution, kinematics and physical properties of the interstellar matter surrounding the Sun can be inferred from ground-based and UV spectroscopic observations. On a 200 pc scale the local interstellar matter appears inhomogeneous and asymmetric. Although it generally flows towards the lower density region, it is composed of numerous small components a few parsecs in size with slightly different velocities. On a smaller scale the extent and the nature of the Local Cloud which flows over the Sun are discussed based on HST-GHRS observations of nearby stars.     

Clusters of Galaxies: Setting the Stage

Clusters of galaxies are self-gravitating systems of mass ∼10¹⁴–10¹⁵ h ⁻¹ M_⊙ and size ∼1–3h ⁻¹ Mpc. Their mass budget consists of dark matter (∼80%, on average), hot diffuse intracluster plasma (≲20%) and a small fraction of stars, dust, and cold gas, mostly locked in galaxies. In most clusters, scaling relations between their properties, like mass, galaxy velocity dispersion, X-ray luminosity and temperature, testify that the cluster components are in approximate dynamical equilibrium within the cluster gravitational potential well. However, spatially inhomogeneous thermal and non-thermal emission of the intracluster medium (ICM), observed in some clusters in the X-ray and radio bands, and the kinematic and morphological segregation of galaxies are a signature of non-gravitational processes, ongoing cluster merging and interactions. Both the fraction of clusters with these features, and the correlation between the dynamical and morphological properties of irregular clusters and the surrounding large-scale structure increase with redshift. In the current bottom-up scenario for the formation of cosmic structure, where tiny fluctuations of the otherwise homogeneous primordial density field are amplified by gravity, clusters are the most massive nodes of the filamentary large-scale structure of the cosmic web and form by anisotropic and episodic accretion of mass, in agreement with most of the observational evidence. In this model of the universe dominated by cold dark matter, at the present time most baryons are expected to be in a diffuse component rather than in stars and galaxies; moreover, ∼50% of this diffuse component has temperature ∼0.01–1 keV and permeates the filamentary distribution of the dark matter. The temperature of this Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) increases with the local density and its search in the outer regions of clusters and lower density regions has been the quest of much recent observational effort. Over the last thirty years, an impressive coherent picture of the formation and evolution of cosmic structures has emerged from the intense interplay between observations, theory and numerical experiments. Future efforts will continue to test whether this picture keeps being valid, needs corrections or suffers dramatic failures in its predictive power.     

一般均衡模型下的税负归宿研究

税负归宿问题因其复杂的传导机制影响着人们对最终税收负担的判断，在局部均衡分析失效的情况下，一般均衡模型是研究税负归宿的更佳方案。基于经典的Harberger模型，运用线性化和逼近技术，讨论了一般均衡框架下的数量求解算法，得到了特定部门资本和劳动用量以及资本价格的微分值，并以此分析了局部要素税的税负归宿以及最终的税收负担。     

中心差分Kalman滤波方法在X射线脉冲星导航中的应用

由于脉冲星脉冲到达时间的测量需要较长时间,基于传统的扩展Kalman滤波的X射线脉 冲星定轨方法精度较低。为此,提出了将中心差分Kalman滤波应用于X射线脉冲星导航中, 利用中心差分Kalman滤波替代扩展Kalman滤波,通过结合航天器轨道动力学模型和脉冲星观 测信息进行定轨。仿真结果表明,中心差分Kalman滤波方法的定轨精度高于扩展Kalman滤波 方法。     

Observations of the local interstellar medium with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

Because of the strong absorption of extreme ultraviolet radiation by hydrogen and helium, almost every observation with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite is affected by the diffuse clouds of neutral gas in the local interstellar medium (LISM). This paper reviews some of the highlights of the EUVE results on the distribution and physical state of the LISM and the implications of these results with respect to the interface of the LISM and the heliosphere. The distribution of sources found with the EUVE all-sky surveys shows an enhancement in absorption toward the galactic center. Individual spectra toward nearby continuum sources provide evidence of a greater ionization of helium than hydrogen in the Local Cloud with an mean ratio of H I/He I of 14.7. The spectral distribution of the EUV stellar radiation field has been measured, which provides a lower limit to local H II and He II densities, but this radiation field alone cannot explain the local helium ionization. A combination of EUVE measurements of H I, He I, and He II columns plus the measurement of the local He I density with interplanetary probes can place constraints on the local values of the H I density outside the heliosphere to lie between 0.15 and 0.34 cm^–3 while the H II density ranges between 0.0 and 0.14 cm^–3. The thermal pressure (P/k = nT) of the Local Cloud is derived to be between 1700 and 2300 cm^–3 K, a factor of 2 to 3 above previous estimates.     

SRM壳体/绝热层脱粘的XFEM

将扩展有限元法(XFEM)用于研究固体火箭发动机(SRM)壳体/绝热层的脱粘。将层隙型和紧贴型脱粘等效为双材料界面裂纹,建立了XFEM的双材料界面裂纹分析模型,并给出了其中核心算法——应变矩阵的求解,通过相互作用积分求出应力强度因子和能量释放率。算例结果表明,XFEM的计算结果与理论值的差异较小,可用于有效求解脱粘问题。     

测试性建模以及测试性验证试验应用

鉴于用户对航电产品测试性要求的不断提高,因此在签署协议时已经规定了产品的测试性定量指标以及开展测试性建模和测试性验证试验的要求。首先收集产品测试性设计信息,梳理产品研制阶段开展测试性建模分析的流程,根据测试性建模的结论以及改进建议迭代产品设计,再开展测试性试验验证测试性建模分析的正确性,对改进后测试性设计进行验证,以实现产品的测试性设计迭代与增长,判定产品的测试性水平是否达到规定的要求。