POD降阶算法中对基模态表达的改进

由一系列已知的相近流场解重新组合成一组正交分解(POD)的基模态。利用这些模态的线性组合构造绕一任意翼型的流场,使计算的未知量数目仅为所取相近解流场个数,而传统方法的未知量数目为网格单元数的4倍,因此极大地减少了未知量的数目,将其用于翼型优化,计算量会显著减少。给定的一系列相近流场解,是通过计算快照得到的,这些快照是形成正交模态的根本,直接影响近似计算的准确程度。本文提出了一种新的扰动方法,即通过扰动翼型的关键控制点反求翼型函数得到快照。通过几个已知的翼型解对子空间的投影比较可以看出,该方法的空间表达能力优于常用的加局部凸起的H icks-H enne函数的方法,而且近似计算的准确程度也更好。最后,探讨了正交分解的必要性,阐明利用POD降阶模型方法计算流场可以迅速收敛的内在原因。     

解析壁面函数的可压缩效应修正研究

基于适用于不可压缩流动的解析壁面函数,针对可压缩湍流边界层特征,考虑壁面网格内对流项变化和能量方程中黏性耗散项的影响,提出一种适用于可压缩流动的解析壁面函数.基于二维超声速和高超声速激波湍流边界层干扰流动,完成了粗网格高雷诺数k-ε模型加标准壁面函数、原始解析壁面函数、可压缩修正解析壁面函数和密网格低雷诺数Lauder...     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

Reliability estimation of rotary lip seal in aircraft utility system based on time-varying dependence degradation model and its experimental validation

With several attractive properties, rotary lip seals are widely used in aircraft utility system, and their reliability estimation has drawn more and more attention. This work proposes a reliability estimation approach based on time-varying dependence analysis. The dependence between the two performance indicators of rotary lip seals, namely leakage rate and friction torque, is modeled by time-varying copula function with polynomial to denote the time-varying parameters, and an efficient copula selection approach is utilized to select the optimal copula function. Parameter estimation is carried out based on a Bayesian method and the reliability during the whole lifetime is calculated based on a Monte Carlo method. Degradation test for rotary lip seal is conducted and the proposed model is validated by test data. The optimal copula function and optimal order of polynomial are determined based on test data. Results show that this model is effective in estimating the reliability of rotary lip seals and can achieve a better goodness of fit.     

A global empirical orthogonal function model of plasmaspheric electron content

Based on the method for establishing a global plasmaspheric model using observations from COSMIC and MetOp-A orbit determination GNSS receivers, Chen et al. (2017) obtained a global plasmaspheric total electron content product with a spatial resolution of 2.5° × 5° and a time resolution of 4 h. In this paper, we use those global plasmaspheric electron content product in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 for 1446 days to establish a global plasmaspheric empirical model based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF). The model can well characterize the spatiotemporal variation of plasmaspheric electron content (PEC) and the influence of solar radiation on it. Only the first four orders of EOF sequences can characterize the 98.43% features of the original PEC dataset. The principal component coefficient Pk is decomposed twice during modeling, and the combination of trigonometric function and linear function is used to model Pk to characterize the solar cycle, annual cycle, semi-annual cycle and quarter-cycle variation. We compare the PEC model values with the actual observation data, the results show that the empirical PEC model values are highly correlated with the actual observations. The correlation between the two is above 0.96, and the RMS maximum of the difference between the PEC model values and the observed values are 0.70 TECU, and the average of the difference between the PEC model values and the observed values are −0.18 TECU, respectively. In addition, we validate the reliability of the global plasmaspheric model established by two empirical orthogonal function decomposition method using actual observation data, according to the global distribution of the differences between the PEC model values and the observed values in low solar activity and high solar activity, it can be seen that under low solar activity and high solar activity conditions, the model has good adaptability.     

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.     

基于随机模糊参数的结构模糊可靠性分析模型

结构模糊可靠性理论研究主要是建立仅考虑失效准则模糊性的结构模糊可靠性分析模型.在现有结构模糊可靠性分析理论研究的基础上,同时考虑工程中结构参数的随机性和区间模糊性,提出了模糊概率密度函数的概念,并推导相应的模糊概率密度函数公式,给出了反映随机参数区间模糊性的隶属函数的类型和选取方法.建立了同时考虑随机参数区间模糊性和失效准则模糊性的结构模糊可靠性分析模型.讨论了模糊可靠性分析模型与常规的随机可靠性分析模型的相容性.并给出算例进行验证,研究结果表明,采用该结构模糊可靠性分析方法更能全面地利用结构参数信息.     

用AM300型函数信号发生器建立相位测量标准装置

提出了一种建立相位测量标准装置的方法。该标准装置以AM300型函数信号发生器为主标准器,相位计、示波器、失真度测量仪、数字电压表为配套设备。对AM300型函数信号发生器的量值指标进行了测试和实验,包括：相位增量误差测试、相位绝对零度误差测试、60°幅相误差测试、测量的重复性实验和长期稳定性实验。结果表明：该标准装置测试结果准确,性能稳定可靠,具有造价低、实用性强的特点。     

Weibull分布更新函数的指数近似算法

针对Weibull分布的更新函数较难确定的问题,研究了在平均寿命相等情况下指数分布与Weibull分布之间的贴近性.在此基础上,提出利用指数分布的更新函数模型计算Weibull分布的更新函数,能够比较方便有效地得到近似解.通过实例计算,分别比较了指数方法(直接利用指数分布的更新函数)、线性加权模型以及几何加权模型等三种方法的精度.结果表明:当时间较短时,线性加权和几何加权模型比指数方法精确度有所提高;当时间较长时,几何加权模型的精度较高.利用该结论能够为工程应用提供方便.     

基于模糊优化方法蜗杆减速器传动的设计

目的将模糊优化设计方法运用于蜗杆传动的设计中;方法以圆柱蜗杆传动的蜗杆齿数、模数和直径系数作为设计变量,并以蜗轮有色金属齿圈体积最小作为设计目标函数,采用离散消元法进行求解;结果建立蜗杆传动模糊优化的数学模型,得到最优解;结论与常规设计方案相比,齿圈体积下降52.36%,在生产实际中,能够提高蜗杆传动的使用价值和社会经济效益。