基于Kriging代理模型的单边膨胀喷管尾缘切角优化

在设计点落压比25和非设计点落压比15条件下,对单边膨胀喷管（SERN）不同尾缘切角模型进行了三维数值模拟,并采用Kriging代理模型以SERN轴向推力系数为目标,对尾缘切角进行多目标优化。研究结果表明:尾缘切角会影响SERN后气体的膨胀,增强流动的三维效应,恰当的尾缘切角会使SERN后气体更充分膨胀,有利于提高SERN的轴向推力系数,改善SERN的性能;通过优化,SERN的轴向推力系数由0.94达到了0.975以上,比优化之前提高了约5%,基于Kriging代理模型的SERN优化方法是有效的。      

某微型燃气轮机适应高原起动的技术方案

为满足某微型燃气轮机能同时在平原及不低于4500m高原地区安全可靠运行,通过设计减小单油路离心式燃油雾化喷嘴的流量数,以及改变喷嘴与供油控制系统的耦合工作特性,设计利用起动泄油系统,在降低点火与起动过程供油量的同时提高了燃油喷嘴的雾化及点火性能,解决了高原起动超温问题。平原及高原地区试验证明,点火起动成功率为100%、高原起动过程最高排气温度为720℃,与原设计状态在平原环境工作时一致、起动时间小于40s,可保证平原、高原点火和起动过程的安全性与可靠性,满足平原、高原条件下的燃气轮机性能。      

分布式边界层吸入推进系统的建模与分析

机体后部边界层吸入技术可显著改善飞机的燃油经济性,但目前尚未建立推进系统设计与分析方法。针对类似N3-X飞机的分布式边界层吸入推进系统,采用基于边界层积分方程的数值分析方法,引入功推比参数,详细分析边界层状态和推进系统参数对系统性能的影响,从而为推进系统设计提供理论和数据支撑。通过基准状态与N3-X的对比,验证了计算方法的可靠性。分析表明,当吸入边界层占比为50%左右时推进系统能耗可降低4%,边界层形状因子越小或者动量厚度越大,能耗降低越多;进气道扩张比对功推比的影响不大;随着进气道入口马赫数增大、风扇压比降低、风扇效率增大、风扇损失降低或者喷流速度降低,功推比都会下降。     

基于数值模拟的轴对称矢量喷管性能预测数学模型

基于三维数值模拟,对不同轴对称矢量喷管在多种工作状态下的内外流场进行了研究,分析了扩张角及扩张段长度对喷管有效矢量角的影响.基于最小二乘曲面拟合理论,建立了自变量包括扩张角、扩张段长度/喉道直径、落压比/设计落压比、几何偏转矢量角的多变量轴对称矢量喷管性能预测数学模型,并根据已有实验数据,对该模型进行了验证结果表明:推力系数误差最大为0.41%,流量系数误差最大为1.58%,矢量角误差最大为1.76°.建立的数学模型通用性较强,实现了用统一的模型对不同喷管性能参数进行预测和分析,具有一定的工程意义.      

Numerical study of a trapezoidal bypass dual throat nozzle

Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle (BDTN) is a novel type of fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle. To improve the infrared stealth performance of BDTN, a nozzle based on BDTN is proposed and numerically simulated. Each cross-section along the x-axis of the novel nozzle becomes a trapezoid, which is named “BDTN-TRA.” The main numerical simulation results show that BDTN-TRA can produce a thrust vectoring angle when the upper or lower bypass valve is open. The angle difference between the two conditions mentioned above is usually approximately 1°–2°. Even if the two bypasses are closed, BDTN-TRA can produce a small thrust vectoring angle at around 3°–5°. When the sidewall angle increases from 60° to 90°, the thrust coefficient and thrust vectoring angle under each work condition usually decrease. A larger aspect ratio indicates better performance. As the aspect ratio increases over 7.2, the performance of BDTN-TRA is quite close to that of BDTN with rectangular cross-sections at the same aspect ratio. These features will benefit the control and trimming for future aircraft design, especially for the flying wing layout aircraft. Last but not least, BDTN-TRA has a more extraordinary mixing performance compared with BDTN. The distributions of static temperature and axial velocity along the x-axis of BDTN-TRA with sidewall angle of 60° decrease faster than those of BDTN. When the total temperature of the inlet equals 1600 K, the static temperature difference between BDTN-TRA with sidewall angles of 60° and 90° is over 360 K at twice the length of the nozzle downstream of the nozzle exit, which is the reflection for excellent infrared stealth for the fighter.     

基于单缝射流的二元推力矢量喷管设计及数值模拟

喷管是发动机产生推力的主要部件,其气动性能对发动机的性能具有决定性的影响。本文利用简化特征线法设计二元收敛-扩张（2DCD）推力矢量喷管模型;采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和非平衡壁面函数对单缝二次流喷射后的喷管流场进行数值模拟,分析了射流位置、主流落压比（NPR）、二次流与主流总压比（SPR）等参数对矢量喷管气动性能的影响...     

离心式喷嘴内部流动的LES/VOF 数值模拟

针对最大流量原理法在进行小流量、大粘性离心式雾化喷嘴设计中存在的不足,文章采用大涡模拟与流体体积法相结合的方法对离心式喷嘴内部流动过程进行了非定常三维数值模拟,得到了喷嘴整个工作过程的内部流场结构,并与单相流场进行了对比,分析了单相流场与两相流场结构存在的差异,以及存在差异的原因;同时对喷嘴内稳定雾化过程、压力场分布、速度场分布进行了分析,较好地反映了离心式喷嘴的内部流场特性。研究结果表明,喷雾过程具有非定常性、喷嘴低压及中空区与两相分布相关、分析推断适当增加喷口段长度能够减小出口液膜厚度等,为离心式喷嘴的设计与改进提供了一些有用的积累。     

基于遗传算法优化小波网络的柔性喷管力矩特性辨识方法

为准确辨识负载力矩并提高主动加载负载模拟的真实度，使用了一种基于遗传算法优化的神经网络辨识方法。使用小波分析方法对测试信号进行预处理，将消噪与分解后得到的信息作为神经网络训练的扩充样本，提高了辨识精度。使用遗传算法选择最优输入信息、网络结构和隐含层规模，加快网络收敛速度并简化计算过程，实现对柔性喷管力矩的快速准确辨识。仿真结果表明该辨识方法可以准确地描述柔性喷管在典型测试信号激励下的力矩特性，平均辨识误差为2%，对于实现精确主动加载控制和验证伺服控制性能具有重要意义。     

一种基于双重空间网格结合的高效DSMC实现方法

基于双重空间网格结合策略，发展了一种高效率的贴体DSMC（direct simulation Monte Carlo）方法。通过将仿真分子在物理空间结构网格的位置坐标映射于计算空间的直角网格中，并在计算空间中完成分子所属网格单元的定位以及分子与边界是否发生作用的判断，从而结合结构网格的贴体性和直角网格的高效率计算的优点，提高DSMC方法的贴体性和计算效率。基于双重空间网格结合策略，通过直接映射和间接映射法分别建立DSMC程序，对微尺度收缩扩张喷管气体流动和超声速圆柱绕流进行模拟。数值结果表明：两种方法均很好地模拟出微喷管因尺度缩小导致的黏性效应和速度滑移现象以及超声速圆柱绕流发生的激波现象，具备有效性。与传统结构网格方法对比，两种方法的计算效率平均分别提高了3.85倍和2.85倍，具备高效性。     

Optimization for aerodynamic performance of double serpentine nozzles with spanwise offsets using Taguchi-based CFD analysis

Serpentine nozzles are widely used in combat aircraft to realize strong stealth characteristics. Based on the layout characteristics within a confined space, a series of double serpentine nozzles with spanwise offsets are established. Using computational fluid dynamics and Taguchi method, the influence mechanisms of the Distribution of Area (DA), Distributions of Centerline for the first and second ‘S’ sections in the Vertical direction (DCV1 and DCV2), and Distribution of Centerline in the Spanwise direction (DCS) are analyzed. The impact of these factors on the total pressure recovery coefficient can be ranked as DA > DCV2 > DCS > DCV1, whereas their impacts on the discharge coefficient and axial thrust coefficient can be ranked as DCV2 > DCS > DA > DCV1. Considering the statistical significance of these factors, a nozzle in which DA changes rapidly at the exit and DCV1, DCV2, and DCS change rapidly at the entrance gives the best aerodynamic performance. Compared to the worst configuration, the total pressure recovery coefficient, discharge coefficient, and axial thrust coefficient are improved by 1.6%,3.5% and 3.6%, respectively. DA influences the gas flow acceleration in the entire serpentine channel, resulting in different wall shear stress and friction losses. The various centerline distributions influence the gas flow acceleration effects and form complex wave structures in the constant-area extension section, resulting in different local and friction losses.