捷联式重力仪在海洋测量中的应用与数据处理

针对海洋重力测量对重力测量系统的要求,给出了一种捷联式海洋重力仪SAG-2M,论述了系统组成、工作原理、特点和数据处理流程。利用近期获得的某海域重力测量数据,评估了捷联式重力仪精度。测量结果表明,重复测线的重力异常曲线吻合度较高,交叉点不符值精度约为1.2mGal,满足海洋重力测量的指标要求。     

航空磁探中水下目标三维积分方程磁场建模

为获取航空磁探中水下铁磁性目标的空间磁场分布,通过三维积分方程法的基本原理推导出空间磁场的解析式,根据矢量恒等式和高斯散度定理简化空间磁场计算式,建立水下铁磁性目标空间磁场预测模型。通过铁磁性长方体对模型进行理论验证,使用铯光泵磁力仪测量铁磁性长旋转椭球体的高空磁场;然后,基于预测模型推算铁磁性长旋转椭球体的磁场,根据实际测量的磁场数据和预测值进行比较。结果表明,预测模型的推算精度较高,平均绝对误差为0.320 5 nT,平均相对误差为12.368%。     

A different view of the ionospheric winter anomaly

The Winter Anomaly (WA) is an ionospheric phenomenon, particularly related to the F2-layer, that is classically defined as the situation in which the ionization level during winter is higher than during summer for a certain location. This situation is anomalous because it contradicts what would be naturally expected with summer’s ionization levels higher than winter ones. This phenomenon has been a matter of study since the early decades of the XX century.This contribution tackles the study of the WA based on long time series (up to two solar cycles) of Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements over a globally distributed network of stations. The work done relies on a threefold strategy including: a classical approach based on the comparison of the winter and summer maximum TEC values, that confirmed the results previously documented; an intermediate approach with maximum TEC values modelled as linear functions of the solar radiation level, that allowed to identify stations where the WA is likely to be observed (and at what solar radiation level) and where is not; a final original approach where the maximum TEC values are modelled using Chapman’s function for the seasonal variations, linear regressions for the solar activity dependence and the introduction of site and month dependent equivalent ionization coefficients for the remaining effects. The main conclusions are that the coefficients for winter months seem to depend mainly on geomagnetic latitude, to increase towards high latitudes and to be asymmetric between hemisphere. In accordance to these findings, the occurrences of WA effects would be regulated by proper combinations of these three effects.     

Practical method to identify orbital anomaly as spacecraft breakup in the geostationary region

Identifying spacecraft breakup events is an essential issue for better understanding of the current orbital debris environment. This paper proposes an observation planning approach to identify an orbital anomaly, which appears as a significant discontinuity in archived orbital history, as a spacecraft breakup. The proposed approach is applicable to orbital anomalies in the geostationary region. The proposed approach selects a spacecraft that experienced an orbital anomaly, and then predicts trajectories of possible fragments of the spacecraft at an observation epoch. This paper theoretically demonstrates that observation planning for the possible fragments can be conducted. To do this, long-term behaviors of the possible fragments are evaluated. It is concluded that intersections of their trajectories will converge into several corresponding regions in the celestial sphere even if the breakup epoch is not specified and it has uncertainty of the order of several weeks.     

Variation of monthly mean foF2 and hmF2 over a mid latitude station during the period 1997–2006

Ionosonde data of a mid latitude station Novosibirsk (Geog. Lat. 54.6°N, Geog. Long. 83.2°E) has been analyzed for the years 1997–2006 that covers the major part of solar cycle 23. Our results show the presence of winter anomaly in the daytime F2 layer critical frequency during different phases of solar activity. Results also reveal a semiannual variation of foF₂ with two maxima and a minimum that always appears in summer. While the first maximum is in the spring equinox, the second one is found to shift from autumn to winter with the increase of solar activity. The maximum height of F2 layer during the daytime shows variation with the solar activity. It is higher during the higher activity periods and lower during the periods of low activity. Results of ionosonde observations have been compared with those obtained from IRI-2007 model and it is found that model reproduces gross features of foF₂ variation. However, the modeled hmF₂ variations during equinoxes are significantly different from the ones derived using the ionosonde data. The model also underestimates the hmF₂ values.     

A Fault-tolerance Estimating Method for Ionosphere Corrections in Satellite Navigation System

 Aiming to the reliable estimates of the ionosphere differential corrections for the satellite navigation system in the presence of the ionosphere anomaly, a fault-tolerance estimating method, which is based on the distributed Kalman filtering, is proposed. The method utilizes the parallel sub-filters for estimating the ionosphere differential corrections. Meanwhile, an infinite norm (IN) method is proposed for the detection of the ionosphere irregularity in the filter processing. Once the anomaly is detected, the sub-filter contaminated by the anomaly measurements will be excluded to ensure the reliability of the estimates. The simulation is conducted to validate the method and the results indicate that the anomaly can be found timely due to the novel fault detection method based on the infinite norm. Because of the parallel sub-filter architecture, the measurements are classified by the spatial distribution so that the ionosphere anomaly can be positioned and excluded more easily. Thus, the method can provide the robust and accurate ionosphere differential corrections.     

Seasonal variation of total electron content at crest of equatorial anomaly station during low solar activity conditions

The variability of total electron content (TEC) over the crest of equatorial anomaly station Bhopal has been studied during the low solar activity period (2005–2006) using global positioning system (GPS) data. Diurnal variation of TEC is studied for different seasons. Interesting features like the winter anomaly, semiannual anomaly and noon bite out in TEC have been reported. GPS derived TEC is then compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2001 model and the difference between predictions and observation is being studied. Using the variability index we have also studied the TEC variability for different seasons and also during quiet and disturbed conditions. A higher variability is observed on quiet days as compared to disturbed days during daytime and nighttime hours.     

The equatorial ionization anomaly at the topside F region of the ionosphere along 75°E

Electron density measured by the Indian satellite SROSS C2 at the altitude of ∼500 km in the 75°E longitude sector for the ascending half of the solar cycle 22 from 1995 to 1999 are used to study the position and density of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Results show that the latitudinal position and peak electron density of the EIA crest and crest to trough ratios of the anomaly during the 10:00–14:00 LT period vary with season and from one year to another. Both EIA crest position and density are found to be asymmetric about the magnetic equator and the asymmetry depends on season as well as the year of observation, i.e., solar activity. The latitudinal position of the crest of the EIA and the crest density bears good positive correlation with F_10.7 and the strength of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ).     

基于深度学习的ADS-B异常数据检测模型

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）是下一代空中交通运输系统的重要组成部分，是新航行系统中非常重要的通信和监视技术，但其协议没有提供相关的信息认证和数据加密，因此极其容易受到欺骗干扰的影响。针对ADS-B报文数据特点，采用深度学习的seq2seq模型对ADS-B报文数据进行重构，通过重构误差来检测异常，并对数据进行特征扩展，使模型能更好的捕捉数据的时间依赖性。实验结果表明，所采用的方法优于传统的机器学习方法，且在数据特征扩展后，模型检测效果提升。相比于现有的欺骗干扰检测方法，该方法不需要改变ADS-B系统的协议，也不需要额外的节点或传感器参与，具有一定的适应性和灵活性。     

Variation of ionospheric total electron content in Indian low latitude region of the equatorial anomaly during May 2007–April 2008

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC), derived by analyzing dual frequency signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) recorded near the Indian equatorial anomaly region, Varanasi (geomagnetic latitude 14°, 55′N, geomagnetic longitude 154°E) is studied. Specifically, we studied monthly, seasonal and annual variations as well as solar and geomagnetic effects on the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) during the solar minimum period from May 2007 to April 2008. It is found that the daily maximum TEC near equatorial anomaly crest yield their maximum values during the equinox months and their minimum values during the summer. Using monthly averaged peak magnitude of TEC, a clear semiannual variation is seen with two maxima occurring in both spring and autumn. Statistical studies indicate that the variation of EIA crest in TEC is poorly correlated with Dst-index (r = −0.03) but correlated well with Kp-index (r = 0.82). The EIA crest in TEC is found to be more developed around 12:30 LT.