考虑遮蔽区影响的旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算新方法

针对直升机旋翼三维黏性流场特有的复杂环境,建立了一种基于欧拉法的旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算的新方法。首先,在旋翼桨叶嵌套网格的基础上,发展了一套用于预测旋翼绕流流场的计算流体力学(CFD)模拟方法。然后,为克服传统直升机旋翼二维水滴撞击特性计算方法的不足,充分考虑旋翼流场的三维效应,在嵌套网格中基于欧拉法求解旋翼三维水滴撞击流场。其中,为解决尾流等区域的密度脉冲现象所引起的稳定性和收敛性问题,提出并建立了遮蔽区扩散模型。该模型通过判断遮蔽区变量,在计算域中动态生成遮蔽区域,并随迭代步数逐渐扩散。最后,通过与NACA0012翼型及国外UH-1H桨叶的试验和计算结果的对比,验证了旋翼三维水滴撞击特性计算新方法的可靠性,并进行了温度和水滴当量直径(MVD)对旋翼三维水滴撞击特性的影响分析。结果表明:遮蔽区扩散模型的加入,使二维情况的计算时间减少了22%,并增加了三维情况的计算稳定性,显著提高了旋翼三维水滴撞击特性的计算效率;沿着旋翼桨叶展向位置增大的方向,旋翼桨叶剖面水滴撞击范围有所增大,最大水滴局部收集系数呈先增加后减少再增加的变化趋势,其变化幅度接近50%;旋翼桨叶表面的水滴撞击区域和水滴局部收集系数随水滴当量直径的增加而增加。     

单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模

螺旋铣削加工工艺具有降低轴向力,改善排屑、散热条件等优点,螺旋铣削力是其重要过程指标之一。对单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模方法展开研究,预测给定加工参数下的螺旋铣削力。首先,通过对螺旋铣削过程进行运动学分析和切屑几何分析,建立了螺旋铣削过程中侧刃、底刃动态切屑层模型,纤维切削方向角度模型和动态切削力计算模型。然后,分别通过侧刃直线槽铣实验和底刃半齿插铣实验,对各个切削方向角度下侧刃、底刃切削力系数进行了标定,并利用人工神经网络对切削力系数进行拟合。最后,将标定所得的切削力系数代入动态切削力计算模型中,建立了单向CFRP螺旋铣削过程动态切削力预测模型,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。与现有模型相比,该模型不仅能够预测刀具螺旋运动周期内的切削力变化情况,还可以对每个刀具自转周期内的细节进行预测,通过考虑纤维切削方向角度对切削力系数的影响,反映了单向CFRP材料的各向异性,较为准确地预测了螺旋铣削力。     

大型结冰风洞中冰晶热/力平衡特性数值研究

为明晰大型结冰风洞中冰晶热/力平衡特性,发展了基于欧拉法的冰晶运动和传热传质耦合计算方法,模拟了典型大型结冰风洞构型内冰晶运动和传热过程,从沉降收缩、动量平衡和热平衡三个方面,考察了颗粒形状和体积密度的影响.结果表明:颗粒形状和体积密度对小尺寸冰晶的热/力平衡特性无显著影响.降低颗粒球形度和体积密度会抑制大尺寸冰晶沉降...     

纵向大迎角飞行品质对参数的灵敏度分析

采用等效系统,频域,时域等多种飞行品质评价方法和准则。根据数据计算结果分析了放宽带稳定的电传操纵飞机从小迎角到失速前大迎角纵短周期飞行品质对于气动及惯性参数变化的灵敏度。结果表明,飞行品质对操纵导数及惯矩的变化最灵敏,对升力线斜率变化呈一定的灵敏度,而对其它参数变化则不太灵敏,灵敏度具有体量值测随角而不同。     

湍流度对飞行器模型大迎角气动特性影响的初步研究

本文简要地阐述了在西北工业大学低(变)湍流度风洞中进行的湍流度对某战斗机简化模型在大迎角时气动特性影响的实验研究以及对实验结果的分析.实验的湍流度为:0.02%,0.10%和0.15%.实验结果表明,湍流度对大迎角时气动特性的影响是不可忽视的,并且表现出十分复杂的特性.对于不同的迎角,湍流度对实验结果有明显不同的影响.当迎角小于20°时,湍流度对试验结果的影响不大.但当迎角大于20°时,湍流度的影响是显著的.     

高速大攻角Re数效应试验与分析

采用两个尺度不同的某战斗机模型,在2.4m高速风洞中进行了大攻角Re数效应试验研究。试验攻角范围为0°~70°,基于前机身端部当量直径的ReD=0.42×106~2.27×106。试验结果表明,Re数对大攻角试验数据影响明显;表面微几何效应、M数同样对大攻角气动特性也有一定影响;模型头部贴“八”字形粗糙带可以减弱Re数的影响,却不能获得高Re数下的试验结果。     

鸭式飞机矢量喷流对大迎角气动特性的影响

针对单发鸭式布局飞机，通过低速风洞试验，研究了矢量喷流对飞机大迎角气动力的影响特性。研究结果表明：发动机喷口直径变大使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数增加，并产生低头力矩系数。喷流使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数明显增加，并产生低头力矩系数；大喷口状态喷流影响比小喷口状态高50%左右。发动机喷管上/下偏转时，矢量喷流对飞机上下表面气流诱导不对称，喷管上偏减小升力和阻力系数、产生抬头力矩系数，喷管下偏增加升力和阻力系数、产生低头力矩系数，且喷管下偏影响明显比上偏大。在此基础上，基于数值模拟结果对喷流与飞机主流的相互作用机理进行了分析。     

Integrated design of topology and material for composite morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism

The morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism is a developing technology which can increase lift-drag ratio for variable flight modes by bending down the trailing edge. Composite material design is integrated into topology optimization for the morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism in the paper. A two-step optimization strategy is established to solve the integrated design problem. Initially, lamination parameters are introduced and viewed as a bridge between structure stiffness and fiber angles for composite material. Design variables include the lamination parameters and element density. The least-squares between actual and desired displacements at output points along trailing edge is adopted to evaluate the deformed capability of the trailing edge. An integrated optimization model for the composite morphing trailing edge is established with the volume constraints. The optimal topologic shape and lamination parameters are initially obtained. Subsequently, a least-squares optimization between fiber angles and the optimal lamination parameters is implemented to obtain optimal fiber angles. Finally, morphing capability of composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism is investigated by simulation and experiments. The results indicate the composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism can approximately bend down 8 degrees and satisfies the design requirement.     

Experimental study on effect of inclination angles to ammonia pulsating heat pipe

In this paper, a novel study on performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe（CLPHP）using ammonia as working fluid is experimented. The tested CLPHP, consisting of six turns, is fully made of quartz glass tubes with 6 mm outer diameter and 2 mm inner diameter. The filling ratio is50%. The visualization investigation is conducted to observe the oscillation and circulation flow in the CLPHP. In order to investigate the effects of inclination angles to thermal performance in the ammonia CLPHP, four case tests are studied. The trends of temperature fluctuation and thermal resistance as the input power increases at different inclination angles are highlighted. The results show that it is very easy to start up and circulate for the ammonia CLPHP at an inclining angle.The thermal resistance is low to 0.02 K/W, presenting that heat fluxes can be transferred from heating section to cooling section very quickly. It is found that the thermal resistance decreases as the inclination angle increases. At the horizontal operation, the ammonia CLPHP can be easy to start up at low input power, but hard to circulate. In this case, once the input power is high,the capillary tube in heating section will be burnt out, leading to worse thermal performance with high thermal resistance.     

集中涡法在计算旋成体大迎角气动特性中的应用

本文用集中涡法计算了尖头旋成体在大迎角时的气动特性。基于实验数据,选取了一组比较合适的自由积分参数,建立了初始分离角和雷诺数之间的经验关系式,从而在计算中较好地考虑了雷诺数的影响。马赫数的影响是通过Gthert法则进行修正予以考虑的。旋涡运动的微分方程组是用变步长的四阶龙格-库塔法来求解的。根据不同的积分位置分别选择三种不同的积分初始步长,以提高计算速度。本文对F_3A16和F3.5A7两种模型作了计算,计算结果和实验结果吻合得较好。