深空探测器动态约束规划中的外延约束过滤方法研究

随着深空探测任务的增加以及星上科学任务的日益复杂,深空探测器自主任务规划与调度技术成为研究的热点。在深空探测器任务特点与系统约束分析的基础上,将智能规划理论与约束可满足技术相结合,研究多层约束规划模型中约束的动态特征,设计了基于动态约束表的外延约束快速过滤算法,根据领域信息中活动间的冲突性特征来对新加入的活动进行分类和一致性检查。仿真结果表明:提出的算法能够有效地降低约束处理中无效的约束检查次数,降低问题处理过程中的算法回溯,提高规划效率和成功率。     

地月空间星地双向单程测量高精度模型

针对使用星地双向单程测量技术实现给定场景下的地月空间高精度测量问题,建立了地月空间纳秒级星地时差解算模型与米级瞬时距离解算模型,定量分析了模型中各因素的量级,并对模型中收发时延、引力时延、定轨误差和大气延迟等多种因素引入的时差和距离估算误差进行了定量分析。仿真数据的处理结果校验了误差量级理论分析的准确性,时差估算的均方根误差优于7.6ns,瞬时距离估算均方根误差优于2.4 m。建立的模型可以对地月空间星地DOWR测量数据进行高精度处理,实现地月空间高精度时间比对,支持未来中国载人登月等任务及地月空间高精度导航技术。     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

带角度约束的多飞行器编队协同拦截制导律设计

针对多枚飞行器协同拦截同一目标的问题,在最优控制与时间调整相结合的基础上,设计了一种带有时间约束与角度约束的协同制导律。首先,在初始时刻(或中段制导结束时刻),根据初始状态及终端角度约束情况,以指定策略为编队中的各飞行器分配拦截角度。其次,采用线性化最优控制的设计方法,解算带有拦截角度约束的最优导引指令。最后,在求解针对运动目标的飞行器剩余时间估计的基础上,根据一致性的方法推导时间调整项的导引指令。仿真结果表明,在典型背景下,设计的制导律能够使多枚飞行器以特定的编队构型协同拦截同一目标,从而有效提高拦截概率。     

激光陀螺误差分析的Allan方差法改进研究

针对传统Allan方差法分析激光陀螺误差特性过程中,不能合理解释方差中部分噪声项出现负值的情况,而采用阻尼振荡的分析方法能够对此给出合理解释,却又损失了辨识精度的问题,提出了一种基于动态Allan方差法理论的改进Allan方差法。该方法将阻尼振荡模型与动态Allan方差模型相结合,使得辨识结果的分析过程更加合理。激光陀螺零偏误差的辨识与分析结果表明:改进Allan方差法的辨识结果精度略高些,在改进Allan方差的三维分析图中可以显示出零偏中存在的数据突变情况,能够反应激光陀螺误差的动态特性。因此,改进Allan方差法更适用于激光陀螺误差特性的分析。     

基于有限时间理论的临近空间拦截器末制导律PWPF调节器研究

针对拦截临近空间高速机动目标,基于有限时间理论,设计了有限时间收敛末制导律和脉冲宽度脉冲频率（PWPF）调节器。首先,介绍了加入PWPF调节器的末制导数学模型及工作原理;其次,设计了有限时间收敛制导律,应用有限时间理论证明了收敛条件和性质,并推广到推力受限条件下;最后,考虑视线（LOS）角速率快速收敛和发动机最小工作时间要求,设计了PWPF调节器参数。仿真结果表明,视线角速率在制导结束前的有限时间收敛至零,对目标机动具有鲁棒性,具有较高的制导精度,避免了发动机频繁开启,节省了燃料。     

基于小位移旋量的旋翼系统公差建模及分析

直升机的振动问题与加工制造技术紧密相关,降低制造误差可有效减小直升机的振动。为了分析直升机旋翼系统的几何回转精度,基于小位移旋量对零部件装配路径上的关键公差进行建模,通过齐次坐标变换方法对闭环链路上的误差传递进行分析,得到旋翼系统几何回转精度模型;在此基础上,与蒙特卡洛仿真相结合,对旋翼系统的实例模型进行分析。结果表明：旋翼桨叶根部在空间内的变动范围近似呈椭球形变化,在旋转过程中存在复杂的波动情况,桨叶根部在桨盘平面内的径向波动误差约为 0.58%,在垂直桨盘平面方向的波动相对较大,约为 0.89%。     

Inertial parameter estimation and control of non-cooperative target with unilateral contact constraint

In this paper, the relative sliding motion between the target and the manipulator’s end-effector is considered and characterized as a unilateral contact constraint. A new possible solution is presented to estimate the inertial parameters of a non-cooperative target while the relative sliding motion exists. First, the detailed analysis of the dynamical model is presented, and a parameter-explicit linear time-varying model is obtained. Then, an extended state observer is constructed based on the new model, which can effectively estimate the unknown inertial parameters of the target when relative sliding motion exists. As the modified reactionless controller requires the knowledge of inertial parameters, a hybrid post-capture control scheme is also established based on the switch law between different controllers. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by numerical simulation, which proves a potential framework for the non-cooperative target post-capture operation.     

基于级联耦合的大功率测量技术研究

讨论了采用级联耦合测量技术的大功率测量系统,指出大功率测量条件下引起测量不确定度的因素,搭建了基于该技术的大功率校准系统,减小了系统测量不确定度,实现了功率放大器的高精度校准和测量。     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.