计算机辅助电路设计中的参数和容差确定

传统方法中,产品设计或过程规划的参数设计一般先于容差设计。随着计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件的发展,工程技术人员不需提供电路分析的转换函数就能够确定其参数和容差值。为降低产品成本和提高产品质量,本文提出电路设计中参数和容差值同时确定方法。运用CAD软件,使用响应平面法(RSM),使包括质量损失、容差花费和失败费用等在内的总成本最小,并得到统计意义上的最优参数和容差值。本文方法说明,在复杂电路的早期设计阶段,为提高产品质量并降低成本的参数和容差是能够同时得到的。     

金属磁记忆微观机理试验研究

金属磁记忆检测机理中指出:地磁场环境中受载荷作用的铁磁试件,其内部会发生具有磁致伸缩性质的磁畴组织定向和不可逆的重新取向。将未经磁化且弯曲不同角度的无取向硅钢片和未经磁化且施加不同载荷的20#钢压缩试件制作成金相观察试样,利用B itter粉纹法观察受力程度不同的硅钢片和20#钢试件的磁畴结构,对比同种材料不同载荷试样的磁畴结构照片,分析应力对磁畴的影响。试验表明:未受力或应力集中较小时,晶粒内磁畴以片状畴为主,同一晶粒内畴壁相互平行,随着应力集中程度的增加,磁畴结构出现迷宫畴。且应力集中程度越大,迷宫畴个数越多,同时畴壁长度和间距发生改变。     

印刷电路板无源互调机理研究进展

当前印刷电路板广泛应用于现代电子设备中,通信频率、功率和数据信号容量的增加对基于印刷电路板的设备的无源互调性能提出了极其严格的要求。文章综合论述了国内外印刷电路板无源互调问题的研究现状,从电路板涉及的相关无源互调机理研究出发,梳理了目前印刷电路板中无源互调机理研究的经典建模,并进一步总结了当前印刷电路板无源互调测试的热点研究方向。文章从印刷电路板材料的选择及平面电路的设计方面综述了无源互调抑制方法。将为之后工程应用中无源互调机理的研究和建立无源互调分析的非线性模型提供技术参考。同时在建立高精度无源互调测试平台,进行无源互调定位与诊断技术研究,建立无源互调预测和验证平台方面也有重要的参考价值。     

量子信息技术在未来电子对抗中的前景展望

量子信息技术飞速发展,已成为研究热点,并逐步走向未来战场应用,可极大改变敌我战场态势,威胁我方电子对抗装备系统作战效能。为应对量子信息技术带来的安全威胁以及算力威胁,全面提升我国电子对抗装备具备远程精确化、智能自动化、隐身无人化等特点,是未来重点研究领域,关系着未来战场走向。文章结合量子技术特点,重点分析了量子测量、量子雷达探测以及量子保密通信等量子信息技术国内外发展现状,以及该技术对现代电子对抗应用的潜在影响,并提出量子信息技术与电子对抗技术融合发展思路,构想量子信息技术在电子对抗装备领域应用的模式,并对未来“量子-电子对抗”技术进行前景展望,努力争夺未来量子-电子领域制高点。     

热处理工艺对复合熔体处理A356合金组织和性能的影响

利用熔体超声处理、Sr/Ce复合变质及热处理相结合的方法提高铝合金的强韧性,通过金相组织分析及力学性能测试研究了固溶处理对A356合金组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,熔体处理有利于改善α-Al枝晶和共晶硅相,铸态合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到215 MPa和9.5%;T6热处理后,共晶硅的形态由纤维状转变成独立分布的颗粒状,而除了伸长率之外,合金的力学性能都显著提高;随着固溶时间的延长,共晶硅的等效直径呈现先减小后增大的趋势,而长径比逐渐减小,合金的拉伸性能和硬度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当固溶时间为4 h时,合金的综合力学性能达到最佳,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和显微硬度分别达到300、240 MPa、8.0%和110HV。     

脉冲等离子体推力器等效电路模型分析

脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的放电电流与推力器性能有密切关系。为了分析影响脉冲等离子体推力器放电电流的因素,建立了推力器放电过程中的等效电路模型,分析了等效电路中电感及电阻的分量,并对简化的等效电路模型进行解耦,得到了放电电流的3种状态。通过实验以及方程解耦,得到了实际电路中的等效电感及等效电阻值,研究了等效电感及电阻中影响推力器性能的因素。结果表明,推力器的间距和放电能量改变了等离子体的电感及电阻值,从而改变了放电电流曲线,影响了推力器的电磁加速性能。设计PPT时,应尽量减小电极的寄生电感和电阻,采用内感和内阻较小的放电电容,获得较高的PPT效率。     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

A different view of the ionospheric winter anomaly

The Winter Anomaly (WA) is an ionospheric phenomenon, particularly related to the F2-layer, that is classically defined as the situation in which the ionization level during winter is higher than during summer for a certain location. This situation is anomalous because it contradicts what would be naturally expected with summer’s ionization levels higher than winter ones. This phenomenon has been a matter of study since the early decades of the XX century.This contribution tackles the study of the WA based on long time series (up to two solar cycles) of Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements over a globally distributed network of stations. The work done relies on a threefold strategy including: a classical approach based on the comparison of the winter and summer maximum TEC values, that confirmed the results previously documented; an intermediate approach with maximum TEC values modelled as linear functions of the solar radiation level, that allowed to identify stations where the WA is likely to be observed (and at what solar radiation level) and where is not; a final original approach where the maximum TEC values are modelled using Chapman’s function for the seasonal variations, linear regressions for the solar activity dependence and the introduction of site and month dependent equivalent ionization coefficients for the remaining effects. The main conclusions are that the coefficients for winter months seem to depend mainly on geomagnetic latitude, to increase towards high latitudes and to be asymmetric between hemisphere. In accordance to these findings, the occurrences of WA effects would be regulated by proper combinations of these three effects.     

DSMC量子动理学模型在火星再入流动中的应用

为解决化学反应模型高温数据缺乏的难题，探索DSMC方法量子动理学（QK）模型在实际中的应用，本文将该模型进一步应用于火星探测器稀薄气动特性的数值预测。通过计算探路者号在85 km、95 km和110 km高度的稀薄绕流，评估了QK模型的性能和稀薄气体效应的影响规律。结果表明，QK模型不依赖宏观的化学反应速率系数，适用于火星再入流动计算。化学反应及其模型对气动力的影响很小，但对气动热特性的影响不容忽略，考虑化学反应后的驻点热流可以下降约12%~14%。     

Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave (ODW) on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number. Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge (upper limit) to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation occurs (lower limit). For pathological detonation cases, however, the CJ detonation cannot be achieved, and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited. In present study, two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation, that is, the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process, have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW. The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems. The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW. Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics, Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions. It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio, the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow, regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.