低密度气凝胶复合材料的火星环境适应性研究

针对航天器的使用要求,研制了密度≤30 kg/m~3轻质高效的二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料。针对深空探测的应用环境,对低密度气凝胶复合材料在不同条件下的热导率、热循环、热真空和电离总剂量等环境试验进行测试。结果表明,低密度气凝胶复合材料服役温度可达到-145～85℃,在1 kPa CO_2气氛下热导率可达到6.6 mW/(m·K)。获得了不同气氛和不同温度条件下以及同种气氛、不同压力条件下低密度气凝胶复合材料的热导率变化规律,并测试批次性材料热导率,结果表明批次热导率稳定性良好。热循环、热真空和电离辐照试验前后热导率和尺寸收缩率均未变化,表明低密度气凝胶复合材料在深空环境下保持良好的结构和稳定的隔热性能。     

Kevlar BF—2及GD414材料充电性能研究

Kevlar作为最新型的航天结构材料,BF-2作为太阳电池盖片玻璃,GD414作为航天器材料粘接剂,都是空间技术必不可少的重要而基本的材料。因而它们在空间电环境条件中的表面电荷积累性质受到极大注意。该文就此三种材料在综合模拟空间环境条件下,进行了材料表面电导和环境诱发电导的实验研究,并给出了实验结果的分析。     

航天器环境试验和航天产品的质量与可靠性保证

介绍了航天器验证和试验标准近年来的发展现状 ,指出了这些标准在各国航天器验证中所起到的作用 ,同时讨论了在航天器研制中环境试验和可靠性试验的关系。由于航天器的特点 ,在整个验证工作中 ,环境试验和可靠性试验应该是统一的。通过全面的验证工作 ,特别是大量的环境试验 ,航天器的环境适应性和可靠性得到了保证。总的看法是 ,这些标准 ,只要应用得当 ,将能保证航天器的性能要求和在轨可靠性。     

基于光纤复用技术的弹体表面场参数组网测量技术

针对传统导弹武器环境参数测量系统测点多且分散，以及量程余量大所导致的电缆网笨重等问题，提出了一种基于光纤复用技术的波分复用（Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WMD）与空分复用（Space Division Multiplexing, SDM）相结合的弹体表面场参数组网测量方案；该系统能够有效地实现弹体表面温度、压力、应变等多环境参数同时测量，测量节点可多达320路；分析了大容量光纤传感网络中所面临的关键技术，并阐述了其在导弹上的工程应用分析；为有效满足弹体小型化、轻型化、高灵敏度及减少弹体体积重量提供了新的思路及解决途径。     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.     

等值线匹配算法的地形适应性研究

地形辅助导航匹配算法的性能直接由地形特征所决定,因此,建立地形特征参数与匹
配算法精度之间的定量关系不仅是判断匹配性能的需要,也是进行航迹规划的基础。本文以
ICCP算法为研究对象,首先,运用聚类和回归分析方法挑选出6个与匹配精度密切相关的参
数;然后,采用多重回归、二项Logistics回归和判别分析等三种方法分别得到匹配精度与
地形特征之间的定量关系,其中多重回归分析得到的是匹配精度与地形特征参数之间的精确
对应关系,而二项Logistics回归和判别分析则是建立误差类别与地形特征参数之间的关系
。仿真结果表明,多重回归预测精度基本与实际匹配精度一致,但在少数样本点偏差较大;
二项Logistics回归和判别分析的正确判断概率均优于90％。
     

制导工具误差折合精度影响因素分析

制导工具误差折合是导弹精度评定中的重要问题,其中最关键的技术问题是工具误差的折合精度问题。本文分别对用公式法求取误差折合系数时影响精度的各种因素从理论上进行了系统分析,并得出了外测误差精度、采样点数和弹道特性是影响折合精度的主要因素的结论。仿真计算结果表明了理论分析的正确性,为后续提高误差折合精度指明了方向。     

航天器表面材料充电性能研究—关于RTV-Ⅱ和13-17涂层的评价

本文报道了RTV-Ⅱ黑漆和13-17白色涂层二种航天器温控材料的电导在综合空间环境条件下的实验结果。实验表明RTV-Ⅱ涂层材料的电导从1984年到1986年,几乎每年下降一个量级,因而充电状态明显改变。13-17涂层材料的电导对空间真空环境响应不明显,但对电子辐照和光辐照响应显著,尤其对光辐照存在强烈的记忆效应。预测该涂层在轨道上由光照区进入星蚀区也不会出现明显充电现象。     

常见寿命分布下环境因子的研究

环境因子是可靠性评估中的一个重要参数，其相关问题的研究一直为可靠性工程所关注。本文从一个崭新的角度对服从特定寿命分布的产品的环境因子进行了讨论，并且得到了失效机理不变的必要条件。本文的结论对于可靠性综合评估和加速寿命试验都具有较高的实用价值。