Heat storage and electricity generation in the Moon during the lunar night

One of the biggest challenges of the exploration of the Moon is the survival of the crew and the lunar assets during the lunar night. The environmental conditions on the lunar surface and its cycle, with long periods of darkness, make any long mission in need of specific amounts of heat and electricity to be successful. We have analyzed two different systems to produce heat and electricity on the Moon's surface. The first system consists of Thermal Wadis, sources of thermal power that can be used to supply heat to protect the exploration systems from the extreme cold during periods of darkness. Previous results showed that Wadis can supply enough heat to keep lunar devices such as rovers above their minimum operating temperature (approximately 243 K). The second system studied here is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is able to run a heat engine during the lunar night to produce electricity. When the Sun is shining on the Moon's surface, the system can run the engine directly using the solar power and simultaneously heat a thermal mass. This thermal mass is used as a high temperature source to run the heat engine during the night. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the determination of an appropriate thermal mass for the TES system.     

基于小波熵理论的多性能参数产品可靠性评估方法研究

针对多性能参数复杂电子产品可靠性评估存在过程复杂、计算量大、建模困难、针对性和适用性较差的问题,提出了基于小波熵的复杂电子产品可靠性评估方法,将能量熵用于处理电子产品各监测时刻的信号,将其作为随机退化量建立了多性能参数电子产品的可靠性评估模型,给出了具体建模步骤和流程.最后以具体实例,验证了方法的有效性.     

飞船跳跃式再入第一次再入能量管理方法

针对探月飞船跳跃式再入第一次再入能量管理问题,设计了一种能量管理方法。首先,采用大倾侧角再入,快速进入能量管理阶段;然后,对能量耗散速度进行控制,并预估跃起点的能量以确定飞船的跃起时机;最后,在能量管理结束后按设计指令过渡到跃起点。为检验能量管理方法的有效性及鲁棒性,基于标准轨迹法设计制导律,并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该能量管理方法能改善轨迹跟踪性能,提高再入制导方法的精度和鲁棒性,并避免飞船在一次再入和二次再入过程中出现较大过载的现象。     

椭圆轨道卫星空间任意位置悬停的方法

对任务星施加持续的控制加速度,使其在飞行过程中相对于目标卫星的空间位置保持不变,即实现任意位置悬停飞行。通过对任务星与目标星的相对运行分析和重力差异补偿分析,给出了在飞行过程中任务星相对于运行在椭圆轨道上的目标星实现任意位置悬停所需的径向、切向和法向控制加速度公式。最后对典型悬停飞行过程进行了动力学仿真,并对不同悬停飞行任务的能量消耗进行了对比分析,表明在一段时间内对任务星进行轨道悬停是可行的。     

纯磁控微小卫星的姿态捕获控制研究

针对纯磁控微小卫星姿态捕获问题,提出了一种基于姿态角和姿态角速度反馈的磁
矩能量控制律。利用Matrosov定理证明了该控制律具有一致渐近稳定性,能够保证星体最终
稳定到唯一的零轨道姿态角平衡位置。结合某在研低轨纳星,分析了气动力矩作用下星体大
角度姿态捕获的纯磁控性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的能量控制律具有一致渐近稳定特性,
考虑气动力矩影响时可在一个轨道周期内完成纳星姿态捕获,控制精度较高。该控制律具有
较好的工程应用前景,对于低成本微小卫星的研制是一个有益的探索。     

跳跃式弹道参数估算及其效率

简要地介绍了跳跃式弹道的发展过程和应用前景,并针对标准跳跃式弹道,详细研究了其过渡段、转弯段、滑翔段和再入段的弹道参数估算问题,通过参数估算,可以方便快捷地计算跳跃式导弹的性能,此外对跳跃式导弹的关键技术和飞行效率问题进行简单的描述,为进一步研究跳跃式导弹奠定了基础。     

太阳风高速流能流分布

根据Ylysses观测,比较完整地计算了高纬行星际空间太阳风能流分布．计算表明,行星际空间的高速流能流密度约为2．1×10-3J·m-2·s-1（日心距离r＝1AU）,主要来自于太阳风离子所携带的动能流（占58％）和克服太阳引力的势能流（占39％）．要驱动高速流,需要在日冕底部高速流源区（日心距离r=1Rs）向外输出到太阳风的能流密度为7．1×102J·m-2·s－1·分析表明,由日冕底部向外可能输出两种形式的能流,其中一种具有较短的耗散长度,被耗散在很短的空间区域（～1—2Rs）,使日冕温度迅速提高。另一种储藏在连续向外传播的太阳风中,不断耗散用以加速太阳风（＞2Rs）．     

On the Flux of Water and Minor Volatiles from the Surface of Comet Nuclei

Surface temperature and the available effective energy strongly influence the mass flux of H₂O and minor volatiles from the nucleus. We perform computer simulations to model the gas flux from volatile, icy components in porous ice-dust surfaces, in order to better understand results from observations of comets. Our model assumes a porous body containing dust, one major ice component (H₂O) and up to eight minor components of higher volatility (e.g. CO, CH₄, CH₃OH, HCN, C₂H₂, H₂S), The body's porous structure is modeled as a bundle of tubes with a given tortuosity and an initially constant pore diameter. Heat is conducted by the matrix and carried by the vapors. The model includes radially inward and outward flowing vapor within the body, escape of outward flowing gas from the body, complete depletion of less volatile ices in outer layers, and recondensation of vapor in deeper, cooler layers. From the calculations we obtain temperature profiles and changes in relative chemical abundances, porosity and pore size distribution as a function of depth, and the gas flux into the interior and into the atmosphere for each of the volatiles at various positions of the body in its orbit. In this paper we relate the observed relative molecular abundances in the coma of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and of Comet 46P/Wirtanen to molecular fluxes at the surface calculated from our model. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合材料防弹板性能小样本分析

二维配对升降法小样本统计分析方法可在较少的试验量下,获得高可靠度的结果.在靶试数据基础上运用该统计方法,推导出三种复合材料防弹板在确定置信度和一定穿透率下的临界穿透速度、最小全穿透速度和最大不穿透速度,以及一定未穿透概率下的临界面密度.得到三种防弹板的穿透率—着速关系曲线.      

考虑相互碰撞影响的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法研究

针对登月着陆器下降过程扬起月壤颗粒的运动轨迹及空间分布问题, 提出了考虑月壤颗粒发生完全弹性碰撞和非完全弹性碰撞两种情况的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法. 根据质量守恒和能量守恒定律确定月壤颗粒相互碰撞后的速度, 通过羽流场与月壤颗粒的流固耦合相互迭代计算方法, 获得被扬起的月壤颗粒在羽流场和相互碰撞共同作用下随时间的运动轨迹和空间分布. 基于美国Apollo 11登月过程实测数据, 采用数值模拟对该方法进行验证. 结果表明, 考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞的影响后, 其运动规律出现较明显的扩散趋势. 进一步考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞引起能量损失的影响后, 月壤颗粒的扩散趋势有所减弱, 并且扬起的高度随着恢复系数的减小而降低.