Drag and energy accommodation coefficients during sunspot maximum

Conditions appropriate to gas-surface interactions on satellite surfaces in orbit have not been successfully duplicated in the laboratory. However, measurements by pressure gauges and mass spectrometers in orbit have revealed enough of the basic physical chemistry that realistic theoretical models of the gas-surface interaction can now be used to calculate physical drag coefficients. The dependence of these drag coefficients on conditions in space can be inferred by comparing the physical drag coefficient of a satellite with a drag coefficient fitted to its observed orbital decay. This study takes advantage of recent data on spheres and attitude stabilized satellites to compare physical drag coefficients with the histories of the orbital decay of several satellites during the recent sunspot maximum. The orbital decay was obtained by fitting, in a least squares sense, the semi-major axis decay inferred from the historical two-line elements acquired by the US Space Surveillance Network. All the principal orbital perturbations were included, namely geopotential harmonics up to the 16th degree and order, third body attraction of the Moon and the Sun, direct solar radiation pressure (with eclipses), and aerodynamic drag, using the Jacchia-Bowman 2006 (JB2006) model to describe the atmospheric density. After adjusting for density model bias, a comparison of the fitted drag coefficient with the physical drag coefficient has yielded values for the energy accommodation coefficient as well as for the physical drag coefficient as a function of altitude during solar maximum conditions. The results are consistent with the altitude and solar cycle variation of atomic oxygen, which is known to be adsorbed on satellite surfaces, affecting both the energy accommodation and angular distribution of the reemitted molecules.     

Aeroelastic prediction and analysis for a transonic fan rotor with the “hot” blade shape

This paper focuses on aeroelastic prediction and analysis for a transonic fan rotor with only its “hot” (running) blade shape available, which is often the case in practical engineering such as in the design stage. Based on an in-house and well-validated CFD solver and a hybrid structural finite element modeling/modal approach, three main aspects are considered with special emphasis on dealing with the “hot” blade shape. First, static aeroelastic analysis is presented for shape transformation between “cold” (manufacturing) and “hot” blades, and influence of the dynamic variation of “hot” shape on evaluated aerodynamic performance is investigated. Second, implementation of the energy method for flutter prediction is given and both a regularly used fixed “hot” shape and a variable “hot” shape are considered. Through comparison, influence of the dynamic variation of “hot” shape on evaluated aeroelastic stability is also investigated. Third, another common way to predict flutter, time-domain method, is used for the same concerned case, from which the predicted flutter characteristics are compared with those from the energy method. A well-publicized axial-flow transonic fan rotor, Rotor 67, is selected as a typical example, and the corresponding numerical results and discussions are presented in detail.     

3D multiphysic simulations of energy field and material process in radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining

The radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining(RUR-EMM) combined rolling electrochemical micromachining(R-EMM) and ultrasonic vibration was studied in this paper. The fundamental understanding of the machining process especially the interaction between multiphysics in the interelectrode gap(IEG) was investigated and discussed by the finite element method. The multiphysics coupling model including flow field model, Joule heating model, material dissolution model and vibration model ...     

Optimization and analysis of winglet configuration for solar aircraft

Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft. This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft, aiming to enhance the corresponding uninterrupted cruising capability. An optimization objective function is formed and is separately studied in aerodynamic and structural terms. Qualitative analysis shows that the winglet design parameters are restricted by four special constraints (geometry, aerodynamics, energy and stability) of solar aircraft. The optimization process is constructed on the basis of a multi-island genetic algorithm, and carried out for a 15 m wingspan solar aircraft. Although the designed winglet is not as good as the traditional winglet in terms of drag and structural weight, the designed winglet provides a better 24 h cruising capability. The sensitivity between the objective function and the design parameters is investigated, and the winglet effects vary with respect to the wing aspect ratio (AR = 10, 15, 19.6). The effect of the constraints is analysed quantitatively, and some basic laws are obtained. Moreover, the feasible design region and the possible optimal design parameters of winglets for different wing configurations are explored. The calculation results show that when the aspect ratio exceeds a certain value, the winglets will not benefit the aircraft.     

温度与氯离子浓度对H62铜合金腐蚀的影响

H62铜合金应用广泛。分析不同环境因素对 H62铜合金腐蚀的影响,对腐蚀防护具有重要意义。设计二因素的全面试验,通过电化学工作站测得 H62铜合金在温度、氯离子浓度 2个因素 3个水平下的极化曲线,利用方差分析评估温度与氯离子浓度对 H62铜合金腐蚀的影响。试验说明,随着温度的升高以及氯离子浓度的增大, H62铜合金的腐蚀情况加重。温度与氯离子浓度有交互作用,在氯离子参与的情况下,温度对 H62铜合金腐蚀作用增强,氯离子浓度对 H62铜合金腐蚀的影响大于温度对 H62铜合金腐蚀的影响。     

一种能量色散X荧光光谱仪核心控制系统设计

针对能量色散X荧光光谱仪对通讯、控制及测量的特殊要求,设计一种以ARM处理器STM32F103RBT6为核心的能量色散X荧光光谱仪硬件平台与上位机结合的核心控制系统。该硬件平台集成了USB-HUB功能,采用专门的步进电机驱动芯片简化电路设计,节省了开发周期。通过增加瞬态二极管保护电路提高电路的抗雷击浪涌能力,同时具备安全的互锁功能。实验表明,系统运行安全可靠,具有良好的应用前景。     

1980年11月6日—7日耀斑后冕拱的激活机制

1980年11月6日耀斑后冕拱(Post-flare coronal arch)在母耀斑(AR2779)开始后3小时形成, 并在形成后11小时和25小时两次激活。两次激活均由双带耀斑的增长环系所致。本文提出了激波加热和Petschek重连是该冕拱有效的激活机制。导出并求解了考虑辐射损失、热传导、激波加热和Petschek重连加热的冕拱能量方程。理论计算结果与Svestka根据SMM空间资料所给出的该冕拱的激活曲线基本符合。      

Theoretical model and testing method for ball indentation based on the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity

For a homogeneous, continuous, and isotropic material whose constitutive relationships meets with the Ramberg-Osgood law(R-O law), the energy in the elastoplastic indentation with a ball indenter was theoretically analyzed, and the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity during indentation was considered based on the equivalence of energy density. Subsequently, a Proportional Superposition-based Elasto Plastic Model(PS-EPM) was developed to describe the relati...     

纤维缠绕角度对CFRP-Al混合圆管横向受载性能影响

基于准静态横向弯曲试验对缠绕工艺下制备的CFRP/Al混合圆管进行抗弯性能和吸能特性研究,分析了混合圆管的破坏模式,基于不同纤维缠绕角度的碳纤维复合材料-铝合金混合圆管三点弯曲试验结果,通过有限元仿真方法研究了内层纤维缠绕角度对其横向抗弯与吸能特性的影响。试验结果表明,CFRP-Al混合圆管横向载荷下的失效形式、损伤模式与纯铝管基本保持一致,但受纤维缠绕角度的影响失效形貌略有差异。纤维缠绕角度越小,CFRP-Al混合圆管的抗弯性能和吸能性越好,同时压溃效率(CFE)明显降低。基于验证的有限元模型,研究不同角度纤维缠绕内层对于表层纤维层的应力传递影响,小角度缠绕内层对于管件的轴向拉伸变形抑制增加了管件整体峰值载荷与吸能作用,大角度缠绕内层对于管件环向刚度的提升增加了整体压溃效率。依此分析可为合理设计CFRP-Al混合管提供有效依据。