基于互信息的输入变量选择算法综述

空间环境是空间态势感知的重要组成部分,在空间科学领域,受限于对日地系统物理规律的全面认知,现有的基于物理机制的空间环境预测模型目前还难以实用化,通常采用的多是基于数据的经验类模型。基于互信息的输入变量选择算法为空间环境要素预测模型的输入确定了思路。由于能充分考虑不同输入、输入与输出之间的潜在关系,基于互信息的输入变量选择算法近年来在回归及分类问题上得到了广泛的应用和发展。本文以输入变量选择算法的3个关键环节,即评价标准、搜索策略和停止准则为线索,从不同角度对基于互信息的过滤式变量选择算法进行了系统的分析与梳理,重点对不同变量评价标准依赖的假设条件进行了数学上的推导和说明。最后总结了其发展规律,可为后续研究尤其是建立空间环境预测模型提供借鉴。     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

A new error-controllable method for smoothing the G01 commands

In real machining, the tool paths are composed of a series of short line segments, which constitute groups of sharp corners correspondingly leading to geometry discontinuity in tangent. As a result, high acceleration with high fluctuation usually occurs. If these kinds of tool paths are directly used for machining, the feedrate and quality will be greatly reduced. Thus, generating continuous tool paths is strongly desired. This paper presents a new error-controllable method for generating continuous tool path. Different from the traditional method focusing on fitting the cutter locations, the proposed method realizes globally smoothing the tool path in an error-controllable way. Concretely, it does the smoothing by approaching the newly produced curve to the linear tool path by taking the tolerance requirement as a constraint. That is, the error between the desired tool path and the G01 commands are taken as a boundary condition to ensure the finally smoothed curve being within the given tolerance. Besides, to improve the smoothing ability in case of small corner angle, an improved local smoothing method is also proposed by symmetrically assigning the control points to the two adjacent linear segments with the constrains of tolerance and G3 continuity. Experiments on an open five-axis machine are developed to verify the advantages of the proposed methods.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

基于局部主动轮廓模型的飞机壁板铆接孔定位方法研究

对飞机壁板铆接孔的定位方法进行了研究,提出了一种基于局部主动轮廓模型的铆接孔定位方法。首先通过基于灰度直方图的全局阈值分割和形心法进行铆接孔的粗定位;然后以粗定位坐标为圆心建立遍历圆,并以遍历圆作为限制条件构造能量圆,建立能量方程求解遍历圆内能量最小的像素点为铆接孔的精定位位置;最后进行视觉引导铆接孔定位试验,试验测得定位误差小于0.05mm,满足飞机壁板自动铆接的工艺要求,且比传统的区域主动轮廓模型定位精度高,具有一定的可行性。     

基于未知输入观测器的不确定非线性系统故障检测

针对具有不确定性和系统故障的非线性系统,利用神经网络构造了全阶未知输入观测器,在获得系统的状态观测信号的同时得到了系统的故障观测信号。通过在故障观测神经网络权值的调整规律中引入死区函数,从而提高了故障观测对系统不确定性的鲁棒性。利用得到的故障观测信号,可以方便地检测系统的缓变故障和突变故障,实现了对系统故障的快速检测,降低了误检率。仿真示例表明了该方法的有效性。     

螺旋天线几何尺寸的优化设计

本文首先导出了螺旋天线输入阻抗的计算公式。然后，在使天线输入阻抗满足技术要求的条件下，对螺旋天线的几何尺寸进行了优化设计。     

后加载叶型叶栅的三维压力场及其对损失发展的影响

在低速环形叶栅风洞上对具有后部加载叶型的常规直叶片叶栅和弯曲叶片叶栅进行了吹风实验，得到了两种叶栅的叶片和上、下端壁表面的静压系数分布及气动性能。实验结果表明，后部加载叶型能够建立对应优良气动特性的叶栅内部三维压力场，同时采用弯叶片技术可进一步优化展向静压系数分布。     

N2O单组元推进器预热过程的建模

为了解决N2O单组元推进器存在的预热能量消耗过大，启动时间过长的问题．在实验基础上建立了推进器预热过程的数学模型。模型的计算结果表明，推进器外壳吸收的热量和通过外壳表面散失的热量各占预热总能量的66％和31％，是导致预热能耗过大的关键所在。通过改变模型参数，对不同条件下的预热结果进行比较，讨论了利用增大加热功率、缩小推进器尺寸和改良加热方式来减少预热能量的几种可行方案。     

税费改革后农村义务教育投入分析

农村税费改革在很大程度上减轻了农民负担,但同时也带来了农村义务教育经费投入的严重短缺.文章通过对我国农村义务教育经费投入的现状与原因的分析,提出应改革现有义务教育的投入体制,增加中央和省级财政对农村义务教育的投入.