基于“笔”输入模式的产品结构草图快速设计系统研究

为了减少设计人员从想法到设计实现之间的障碍,本文提出一种新的设计途径——"直接手绘"的方式来支撑产品结构草图设计过程,使得进行产品开发的功能结构、材料工艺、设计开发过程、制造模式等都发生了深远的变化。首先给出快速设计系统的总体方案,然后重点剖析阐述快速设计系统的软件设计,最后以算例形式验证了基于"笔"输入的三维航天产品结构草图快速设计方法及系统。     

节能与环保的海水空调

通过阐述海水空调的定义和系统形式，同时重点分析了海水空调的经济性和环境影响，并提出了海水空调在我国发展和应用的广阔前景。     

Polynomial networks based adaptive attitude tracking control for NSVs with input constraints and stochastic noises

This paper proposes a backstepping technique and Multi-dimensional Taylor Polynomial Networks (MTPN) based adaptive attitude tracking control strategy for Near Space Vehicles (NSVs) subjected to input constraints and stochastic input noises. Firstly, considering the control input has stochastic noises, and the attitude motion dynamical model of the NSVs is actually modeled as the Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) stochastic nonlinear system form. Furthermore, the MTPN is used to estimate the unknown system uncertainties, and an auxiliary system is designed to compensate the influence of the saturation control input. Then, by using backstepping method and the output of the auxiliary system, a MTPN-based robust adaptive attitude control approach is proposed for the NSVs with saturation input nonlinearity, stochastic input noises, and system uncertainties. Stochastic Lyapunov stability theory is utilized to analysis the stability in the sense of probability of the entire closed-loop system. Additionally, by selecting appropriate parameters, the tracking errors will converge to a small neighborhood with a tunable radius. Finally, the numerical simulation results of the NSVs attitude motion show the satisfactory flight control performance under the proposed tracking control strategy.     

基于分层思路的动态非线性气动力建模方法

很多非线性气动力模型难以精确预测系统的小扰动线性特征。针对这一局限,提出了一种非线性分层模型,用于辨识跨声速非线性非定常气动力。分层建模需要同时提供微幅振荡和大幅振荡两套训练样本,首先通过线性模型(如带外输入的自回归(ARX)模型)对微幅振荡样本进行建模,而后采用非线性模型(如径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN))对大幅振荡的样本与线性模型的差量进行建模,进而把线性模型和非线性模型的输出相叠加,得到分层非线性动力学模型。算例表明建立的分层气动力模型与单一自回归径向基函数(AR-RBF)神经网络模型相比不仅具有更高的数值精度,可以精确预测大幅运动中的非线性特征,而且在小扰动状态下自动退化为线性模型,能够精确刻画结构微幅振荡下的线性动力学特性。     

Microstructural evolution and hardness of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy processed by laser surface remelting

As-cast beryllium-aluminum (Be-Al) alloy exhibits a coarse microstructure with pore defects due to a large solidification interval, greatly limiting its mechanical properties. In this research, the relationship between laser surface remelting process and microstructure and hardness of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy was established. The experimental results demonstrated that a pore-free refined microstructure of remelted layer was obtained by controlling the parameter of effective laser energy input. The microstructure of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy consisted of equiaxed grains with Al phase forming a continuous frame wrapping Be phase, which was significantly refined in the remelted zone (from 25 μm to 2 μm). The Vickers hardness in the remelted zone (approximately 210 HV) was approximately 3 times that of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Analysis of the Vickers hardness and the Be phase size showed a good agreement with a Hall-Petch equation. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced that Sc and Zr elements formed a single blocky phase Be₁₃(Sc_x,Zr_1-x), which was also greatly refined from 8 μm to 1.5 μm in the remelted zone. The results obtained in this study indicate that the laser surface remelting allowed refining the microstructure and further strengthening the Vickers hardness of Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy.     

Core reinforcement design for improving flexural energy-absorption of corrugated sandwich composite structure

To strengthen Specific Energy-Absorption (SEA) behavior of Sandwich Composite Structure (SCS), a kind of light-weight vertical stiffener is proposed for the corrugated core. The vertical stiffener, embedded in the corrugated core, can not only absorb part of energy but also simultaneously enhance Energy-Absorption (EA) of other components. The Hashin damage model considering the shear stress and ductile damage model is adopted to predict the failure of carbon fiber face-sheets and aluminum-core, respectively. The perfect bonding is modeled for interfaces between the face-sheet and core due to little realistic debonding. The finite element model is verified by available data of conventional SCS. To obtain more design ideas, several stiffeners with different thicknesses, numbers, and positions are investigated. From the predicted results, both the flexural load and deformation of SCS correlate well with experimental results. It is highlighted that the SCSs with different vertical stiffeners exhibit 9.74%–58.48% higher SEA than the SCS without stiffener. The complex reinforcement mechanisms are extensively revealed by underlying coupling EA and deformation mechanisms. Structural parameter analysis shows that the thickness and number have significant effects on the flexural behavior and SEA of reinforced SCS.     

3UPS-S并联机构单支链驱动奇异分析

并联机构进行单支链驱动时,由于受到其他支链的约束,不能实现全行程范围运动.为了分析并联机构单支链驱动受限的本质原因,采用旋量互易积的方法,计算单支链驱动的轴向速度分量.从计算结果可知,轴向速度为零时,单支链驱动到达边界.并联机构在输入空间发生驱动奇异,同时在工作空间发生位姿奇异,因此并联机构的驱动奇异就是位姿奇异.通过分析输入输出速度关系,并联机构到达输入空间边界.最后给出了并联机构单支链驱动的一般策略.      

基于鲁棒协同控制方法的多航天器交会问题

提出一种解决多航天器交会问题的协同控制算法。首先应用图论中邻接矩阵及拉普拉斯矩阵的定义及其相关性质,描述了多航天器之间的通信拓扑关系;其次对目标航天器轨道为椭圆形情况下的交会问题进行构建,并设计了相应的协同控制算法;最后利用李雅普诺夫函数证明该系统的稳定性,并且能够保证消耗的能量最优以及最大推力受限。仿真实验表明:提出的方法可以实现多航天器的协同交会,验证了该方法的有效性。     

正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透及转捩的影响

为研究正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透以及转捩过程的影响,分别在设计攻角和+10°攻角下,对高负荷低压涡轮叶型的吸力面附面层流动进行了数值模拟与实验。数值模拟使用CFX软件,采用大涡模拟模型。结果表明+10°攻角下,尾迹对附面层转捩过程的促进作用比设计攻角下更为显著,这是由于正攻角下的尾迹中心射流与吸力面切向的夹角更大,使得尾迹扰动渗透入附面层的深度更深,尾迹放大Klebanoff条纹强度更强,尾迹诱导转捩起始位置更靠上游。     

基于飞行参数的飞机结构载荷最优回归模型

基于飞行参数获取外场飞机疲劳关键结构载荷历程是结构故障预测与健康管理系统的一项关键技术,如何构建鲁棒性好且精度高的结构载荷回归模型是保证载荷识别和寿命预测准确性的关键。结合多元线性回归分析,提出并详细介绍了一种筛选最优输入参数组合的技术途径：首先,进行多重共线性诊断以减弱自变量之间的多重共线性;然后,进行残差分析,删除异常样本点;最后,采用逐步回归法筛选出最优自变量组合。指出传统的多重共线性诊断方法存在一定弊端,并分别基于偏相关系数法和辅助回归方程法,提出了2种更为合理可行的诊断方法。以典型战斗机翼身连接框某关键部位的载荷和应力为样本数据,对最优输入参数组合的筛选步骤展开详细说明,验证了所提出的技术途径不仅可以确保飞机结构载荷模型的精度,而且可以提高模型的稳定性和鲁棒性。