Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading

There are huge potential applications of 3-D braided composite in aerospace engineering because of the non-delamination feature of the composite under impact loading. This paper presents the analysis of energy absorption features of 3-D braided composite under compression with different strain rates. The 3-D 4-step rectangular braided composite coupons were tested on a material tester MTS 810.23 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to obtain out-of-plane and in-plane compression stress vs. strain curves at quasi-static and high strain rate state. The failure modes and energy absorption features of the 3-D braided composite under different strain rates were analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain. The energy absorbed by the 3-D braided composite increases with the strain rate. From fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of compression stress vs. time histories, the power of energy absorption of the 3-D braided composite increases with strain rate and mostly concentrate on the high frequency region. While for quasi-static compression, the power distributes in very narrow frequency region and also is less than that in high strain rates. This feature corresponds to the different damage and energy absorption mechanisms of the 3-D braided composite under quasi-static and high strain rate compression.     

试论大学英语听力课堂中的有效输入与积极输出

本文分别分析了英语听力教学中应注重的两个方面：有效输入与积极输出，进而探讨了提高听力教学中材料输入有效性及增加学生目的语输出的可行性方法。     

采用286微机游戏口控制的肾功能仪

本文介绍了核医学类典型仪器肾功能仪的基本原理，提出了将老肾功能仪改造成智能化肾功能仪的一种方法并实际实现了该方法。通过改进微机游戏口的设计和结合高级语言编程对仪器进行简便改造和控制，给人们提供了微机接口应用的一种较新颖和较简单的方法，为改造老仪器老设备也提供了参考实例。     

飞行器参数辨识的最优方波形输入信号设计

用动态规划法设计了旨在提高飞行器气动参数辨识精度的最优方波形输入信号。设计出的信号不仅在工程上易于实现,还在精度意义上达到了最优。为了避免加输入信号后飞行器状态离开线性工作点,从而导致模型失效,该设计方法还考虑了输出约束。用于某型飞行器的输入信号设计结果表明,该法是有效的。     

基于MIMO技术的无线局域网跨层协议设计

多输入多输出(MIMO,Multiple Input Multiple Output)技术可以通过实现空分复用有效地提高无线系统的性能.提出了一个对于站点(station)和无线接入点(AP,Access Point)都装配有多天线的无线局域网的介质访问控制层(MAC,Medium Access Control)协议.此协议利用跨层优化设计的方法解决了将MIMO技术用于WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)中存在的一些问题.例如,如何在传统的802.11协议中加入训练用的导频序列,以及如何实现数据的并行传输等等.随后,提出一个三维离散马尔可夫模型来分析此协议性能,并与理论值进行比较.最后的仿真结果说明此协议能有效的提高系统吞吐量.     

嵌入式系统下中文拼音输入法的设计与实现

中文输入是中文应用软件进行人机交互的重要组成部分。详细介绍了在嵌入式系统VxWorks下进行中文拼音输入的基本原理和开发技术,并在VxWorks下实现了应用软件的中文拼音输入功能,为VxWorks下中文应用软件的开发提供了一个很有价值的实用工具。     

Energy release in double layers

A Double layer (DL) in a current carrying plasma sustains a localised net potential difference and acts as an impedance converting electrical energy to directed particle energy determined by the DL potential. DL's accelerate equal numbers of ions and electrons for relativistic energies, otherwise electron energisation predominates. Their time independent structure may be described as a BGK (Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal) state analogous to that for laminar shocks, and certain existence criteria must be satisfied. The generalised Langmuir criterion requires total particle pressure balance over the DL and may imply propagation in the plasma reference frame. The Bohm criteria require sufficiently large current densities and are closely related to the local stability condition at the edges of the DL. The DL potential must be sustained externally, for example by the release of stored magnetic energy. A steady state is also possible where (externally maintained) mass motions drive a dynamo region connected by currents to the DL which acts as an electrical load.     

采用VSCMGs的航天器IPACS设计的一种投影矩阵方法

研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群（VSCMGs）为执行机构的能量／姿态一体化控制系统（IPACS）中的操纵律设计问题。建立了带VSCMGs的刚性航天器的动力学方程，用Lyapunov方法设计了渐近稳定的姿态控制律；在对VSCMGs的动力学进行详细分析的基础上，用投影矩阵法设计了一种操纵律，该算法将姿态控制指令力矩分解成两个力矩分量之和，其中一个由陀螺模式提供，另一个由飞轮模式提供，从而使VSCMGs处于构型奇异时陀螺模式也处于工作状态，降低了飞轮模式的负荷；文中证明了IPACS所需的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMG）个数最少为3，并分析证明了所设计的算法可以有效地解决姿控／储能一体化设计中可能出现的奇异问题。仿真结果验证了所设计算法的可行性。     

航天器用新型金属橡胶减振器

介绍了一种用于航天器的新型金属橡胶减振器（MRD）的制作工艺，并与普通橡胶减振器（RD）在航天环境中的使用寿命、阻尼、能量耗散和传递率等性能进行了比较。分析结果表明，MRD的性能具有明显的优势，在航天等特定领域内MRD是RD的理想替代品。