考虑相互碰撞影响的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法研究

针对登月着陆器下降过程扬起月壤颗粒的运动轨迹及空间分布问题, 提出了考虑月壤颗粒发生完全弹性碰撞和非完全弹性碰撞两种情况的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法. 根据质量守恒和能量守恒定律确定月壤颗粒相互碰撞后的速度, 通过羽流场与月壤颗粒的流固耦合相互迭代计算方法, 获得被扬起的月壤颗粒在羽流场和相互碰撞共同作用下随时间的运动轨迹和空间分布. 基于美国Apollo 11登月过程实测数据, 采用数值模拟对该方法进行验证. 结果表明, 考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞的影响后, 其运动规律出现较明显的扩散趋势. 进一步考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞引起能量损失的影响后, 月壤颗粒的扩散趋势有所减弱, 并且扬起的高度随着恢复系数的减小而降低.      

制冷压缩机的现状与发展趋势

本文介绍能够促进制冷机CFCs工质替代,并明显提高家用制冷机(冰箱、空调器等)能源效益的新一代制冷压缩机及其研究现状.它采用直线振荡电机驱动活塞式压缩机,通过简单的控制方案可以实现无级能量调节,电效率可高达85%.     

Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft,its conceptual design and energy management methodologies

The paper overviews the state-of-art of aircraft powered by hybrid electric propulsion systems. The research status of the design and energy management of hybrid aircraft and hybrid propulsion systems are further reviewed. The first contribution of the review is to demonstrate that, in the context of relatively underdeveloped electrical storage technologies, the study of mid-scale hybrid aircraft can contribute the most to both theoretical and practical knowledge. Meanwhile, the profits and potential drawbacks of applying hybrid propulsion to mid-scale hybrid airplanes have not been thoroughly illustrated. Secondly, as summed in the overview of design methodologies, the multi-objective optimization transcends the single-objective one. The potential of the hybrid propulsion system can be thoroughly evaluated in only one optimization run, if several objectives optimized simultaneously. Yet there are few researches covering the conceptual design of hybrid aircraft using multi-objective optimization. The review of the most popular energy management strategies discloses the third research gap—current methodologies favoured in hybrid ground vehicles do not consider the aircraft safety. Additionally, both non-causal and causal energy management are needed for performing a complicated flight mission with several sub-tasks.     

The SAX mission

SAX denotes the X-Ray Astronomy Satellite selected by the Italian National Space Plan for inclusion in the Science Programme. The purpose of SAX is to perform spectroscopic, spectral and time variability studies of celestial X-Ray sources in the energy band from 1 to 200 KeV. It is intended to continue and expand upon previous observations of such sources. The instrumentation consists of four X-Ray imaging concentrators sensitive from 1 to 10 KeV (one of them extending down to 0.1 KeV), one Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter sensitive from 3 to 120 KeV, a Sodium Iodide Scintillator Crystal in Phoswich configuration operating from 15 KeV to 200 KeV; these detectors are coaligned to a common pointing axis. Three Wide Field Cameras (2–30 KeV) with axis at 90° to that of the narrow field instruments complete the payload.The Satellite launch is foreseen for 1988, in a low altitude (500 Km), low inclination (12°) orbit.The SAX scientific programme is carried out by a Consortium of Italian Institutes, in cooperation with Institutes from Holland; a partecipation of the Space Science Department of ESA is also foreseen.     

中国石油安全问题的战略思考

随着我国国民经济的快速发展，石油消费量的快速增长，对外石油依赖度将会日益提高。石油安全已成为我国国民经济安全和社会可持续发展所面临的重大战略问题。我们要统筹考虑制定符合中国国情的能源安全战略：建立安全稳定的国家石油储备机制；展开积极的资源外交；加强海上防务，确保运输安全；立足国情，科学指导，开源节能。     

填充因子对激光组束远场功率分布的影响

根据Collins积分公式对激光组束后的远场分布进行了理论分析和模拟计算,着重讨论了参与组束激光的填充因子对组束后的远场分布的影响。     

液体火箭发动机动力循环效率的分析

本文将液体火箭发动机的动力循环过程分为开式循环和闭式循环,并通过分析的办法,建立了发动机动力循环的效率公式.在这些公式的基础上,分析了影响液体火箭发动机循环效率的因素.本文所得的结果,对液体火箭发动机设计计算有一定的参考价值.     

波状扰动激发的重力波波包在中层大气中能量传播和转换特性的数值研究

采用谱配置方法对具有高斯分布的波状扰动激发重力波过程中的能量传播和转换特性进行数值研究．模拟结果表明：初始时刻单一的水平风、垂直风、密度或温度的波状扰动都可以激发出两支重力波波包，其中一文向上传播，而另一支则向下传播；在相同的波参数下，4种波状扰动所激发的重力波波包的能量传播路径几乎完全一致，与线性理论给出的射线路径却有些差异．进一步的数值分析则表明：4种波状扰动转化为波动的特征时间基本相等，约为2个波动周期，但是在这个转换过程中，不同扰动的能量转换效率却差别很大．     

一种面向绿色高效的数控铣削参数优化方法

针对数控切削加工过程的高效绿色发展要求,基于数控机床主传动系统能耗模型,以最小单位切削能耗作为优化目标,建立了铣削加工优化模型,进一步采用人工鱼群算法对目标函数求解。通过铣削加工实例对铣削加工优化模型进行验证,并将优化后的参数与切削手册的经验参数及取得最大材料去除率的参数相比,发现单位切削能耗分别减少12.7%和13.8%。研究表明,所提出的切削参数优化模型能有效提高加工过程的能效,可为后续铣削加工过程切削参数选择提供参考。     

Crashworthiness analysis of aircraft fuselage with sine-wave beam structure

An integrated design concept for crashworthy fuselage using sine-wave beam and strut is proposed and investigated. The finite element model of aircraft fuselage is built first. The structures above cabin floor, occupant and seat are simplified as two rigid blocks. The fuselage frame is redesigned, and the sine-wave beam is arranged under the frame. The impact dynamic performance of the aircraft with bottom sine-wave beam structure is studied and compared with that of conventional type. To obtain better crashworthiness performance, different rigidity of strut is combined with the sine-wave beam bottom structure. Numerical simulation result shows that the proposed sine-wave beam bottom structure could not only dissipate more proportion of impact kinetic energy but also reduce the initial peak acceleration. The structure and rigidity of strut have great influence on the crashworthiness performance. To give a better fuselage structure, both of the strut and bottom structure should be properly integrated and designed.