基于粒子群算法的电帆轨迹优化设计

电帆是一种利用太阳风动量的新颖的无工质空间推进系统,文章研究了以电帆为对象的行星际转移轨迹优化问题。以地球轨道转移到火星、金星轨道为任务对象,采用连续推力模型,研究极坐标系下最小时间转移轨迹优化设计问题。提出了两种基于粒子群算法(PSO)的直接优化方法,避免对协态变量初值敏感的两点边值问题（TPBVP）求解。方法一是通过打靶法直接离散化控制量输入,将最优控制问题转化为非线性规划参数优化问题,采用PSO算法寻优,获得近似最优的转移轨迹。方法二是针对任何连续控制律曲线都能以一定精度的多项式函数进行曲线拟合的特性,设计逼近最优转移轨迹控制律的多项式函数,通过PSO算法优化多项式函数参数获得逼近最优解的转移轨迹。仿真结果表明采用上述两种方法进行转移轨迹优化设计,具有随机猜测初值、全局收敛、鲁棒性强的特点。     

基于天基光学探测图像初析南大西洋异常区影响

文章针对目前在轨运行的高灵敏度探测类可见光遥感器经过南大西洋异常区（SouthAtlanticAnomaly,SAA）时出现的探测能力降低、目标无法识别等现象,通过卫星在轨获取的SAA天基探测图像研究图像中出现的异常现象机理;提出了基于CCD探测器固有暗像元区的图像特征变化开展SAA影响评估的方法,根据在轨图像暗像元区的均值和标准差、图像区的热像素及活像元等特征参数的统计分析,判断经过SAA过程中连续获取的图像中出现显著影响时的拐点,通过曲线拟合估算出该轨道高度的SAA空间分布特征和边界,依此进一步提出利用在轨天基探测图像给出测量影响该轨道高度卫星SAA区域边界的简单方法;最后,基于SAA对天基探测器件的影响分析结果和认识,给出了高灵敏度探测类卫星避免或消除SAA影响的改进措施和建议。文章采用的数据分析和评估方法为提升SAA对天基探测影响的认识,以及下一步有效开展空间碎片探测工作提供参考。     

Simple method for performance evaluation of multistage rockets

Multistage rockets are commonly employed to place spacecraft and satellites in their operational orbits. Performance evaluation of multistage rockets is aimed at defining the maximum payload mass at orbit injection, for specified structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic data of the launch vehicle. This work proposes a simple method for a fast performance evaluation of multistage rockets. The technique at hand is based on three steps: (i) the flight-path angle at each stage separation is guessed, (ii) the spacecraft velocity is maximized at the first and second stage separation, and (iii) for the last stage the thrust direction is obtained through the particle swarm optimization technique, in conjunction with the use of the Euler–Lagrange equations and the Pontryagin minimum principle. The coast duration at the second stage separation is optimized as well. The method at hand is extremely simple and easy-to-implement, but nevertheless it proves to be capable of yielding near-optimal ascending trajectories for a multistage launch vehicle with realistic structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic characteristics. The solutions found with the technique under consideration can be employed either for a rapid evaluation of the multistage rocket performance or as guesses for more refined optimization algorithms.     

一种空间邻近目标红外多传感器立体分辨方法

空间邻近目标在红外像平面的成像因相互交叠而形成簇状像斑,对红外传感器的信号处理提出了分辨的要求。为实现对空间邻近目标的立体跟踪定位,提出基于量子粒子群优化的空间邻近目标红外多传感器立体分辨方法。在对目标像平面成像建模基础上,构建基于最小二乘准则的空间邻近目标立体分辨目标函数,针对目标函数的高维非线性特点,以QP-SO解决目标函数优化问题,估计目标空间位置。仿真结果表明:相比于传统的先单传感器像平面分辨后多传感器视线交叉定位方法,此法具有更优的目标位置估计精度、辐射强度估计精度和目标个数估计正确率。     

基于粒子群优化的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪法研究

光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下,出现反向雪崩效应,导致输出功率出现多个局部极大值点,此时常规的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）失效。基于比较完善的光伏电池遮挡模型,对光伏阵列进行建模,验证其输出功率的多峰特性。提出一种基于粒子群优化算法（PSO）的多峰最大功率点跟踪方法,并积累粒子个体搜索经验,提高跟踪速度。仿真表明,当外界条件变化时,此方法可以快速跟踪光伏模块的最大功率,从而有效地利用能源。     

细粒度AP的改性双基推进剂燃速预示模型

在一维气相稳态反应流模型的基础上,讨论了细粒度AP对改性双基(CMDB)推进剂燃速的影响,引入工艺粒度d*s,修正了AP对燃烧表面结构影响因子fAP和分解影响因子gAP,建立了适用于细粒度AP的CMDB推进剂燃速预示模型,该模型可从推进剂化学结构参数出发,定量计算AP-Al-CMDB推进剂的燃速。结果表明:在压强9.8～19.6MPa条件下,不同AP粒度和含量下的燃速计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,大部分误差在5.0%,检验了模型的可靠性,对推进剂配方研制具有较好的指导意义。     

团队进步算法与遗传算法和粒子群算法进行天线阵综合的比较

团队进步算法（TPA）是近期由研究者提出的一种新型优化算法,具有与传统优化算法不同的寻优机制。函数测试结果表明,该算法是一种能够兼顾避免早熟收敛和计算速度的有效的优化算法。文章将团队进步算法、遗传算法和粒子群算法应用于阵列天线方向图综合,给定阵列天线合适的设计要求,用Matlab编制程序对阵列天线进行了优化计算。通过对三种优化算法的综合结果比较,表明新算法在应用于较复杂的阵列天线方面以及在优化性能方面的优越性,显示了新算法在天线设计中的广泛应用前景。     

VHF radio response of the near Earth space during solar activity growth in October, 2003

The analysis of observations of very high frequency radio noise intensity at the middle latitude on a frequency f = 500 MHz from 14th till 26th of October, 2003 is presented. These data are compared with the solar radio bursts in the range of frequencies 1–14 MHz registered by RAD2 receiver of the WAVES device installed on board the WIND spacecraft.     

Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft

The four identical Cluster spacecraft, launched in 2000, orbit the Earth in a tetrahedral configuration and on a highly eccentric polar orbit (4–19.6 R_E). This allows the crossing of critical layers that develop as a result of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Since 2004 the Chinese Double Star TC-1 and TC-2 spacecraft, whose payload comprise also backup models of instruments developed by European scientists for Cluster, provided two additional points of measurement, on a larger scale: the Cluster and Double Star orbits are such that the spacecraft are almost in the same meridian, allowing conjugate studies. The Cluster and Double Star observations during the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events are presented, showing uncommon plasma parameters values in the near-Earth solar wind and in the magnetosheath. These include solar wind velocities up to ∼900 km s⁻¹ during an ICME shock arrival, accompanied by a sudden increase in the density by a factor of ∼5 and followed by an enrichment in He⁺⁺ in the secondary front of the ICME. In the magnetosheath ion density values as high as 130 cm⁻³ were observed, and the plasma flow velocity there reached values even higher than the typical solar wind velocity. These resulted in unusual dayside magnetosphere compression, detection of penetrating high-energy particles in the magnetotail, and ring current development following several successive injections of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere, which “washed out” the previously formed nose-like ion structures.     

交错磁场聚焦带状电子注的研究

带状电子注在均匀磁场作用下传输时,很容易形成Diocotron不稳定性,导致电子注在传输过程中产生逐渐的崩溃。文章采用交错排列的磁堆形成的PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状电子注,分析了PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状注的作用机理,得出半无限带状电子注在PCM磁场作用下的包络方程（Matthieu方程）。结合理论分析,使用三维粒子模拟程序模拟了PCM磁场对半无限带状电子注的聚焦,详细研究了PCM磁场的部分参数对电子注传输的影响,并对模拟结果进行了分析。