空间大型机械臂系统载运轨迹优化方法

针对在搬运及组装数十吨级负载过程中,空间站用大型机械臂会对空间站载体姿态产生扰动的问题,提出了一种笛卡尔轨迹参数化方法。利用基于广义雅克比矩阵（GJM）的分解运动速度控制和优化算法来实现基座姿态扰动控制,建立了反映载体姿态变化的目标函数。基于关节运动范围及避免动力学奇异等约束,采用粒子群（PSO）算法进行目标函数的优化,有效降低了空间大型机械臂系统在搬运重型负载过程中对载体姿态的影响。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

HW/SW Co-design of the Instrument Control Unit for the Energetic Particle Detector on-board Solar Orbiter

ESA’s medium-class Solar Orbiter mission is conceived to perform a close-up study of our Sun and its inner heliosphere to better understand the behaviour of our star. The mission will provide the clues to discover how the Sun creates and controls the solar wind and thereby affects the environments of all the planets. The spacecraft is equipped with a comprehensive suite of instruments. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) is one of the in-situ instruments on-board Solar Orbiter. EPD is composed of five different sensors, all of them sharing the Instrument Control Unit or ICU that is the sole interface with the spacecraft. This paper emphasises on how the hardware/software co-design approach can lead to a decrease in software complexity and highlights the versatility of the toolset that supports the development process. Following a model-driven engineering approach, these tools are capable of generating the high-level code of the software application, as well as of facilitating its configuration control and its deployment on the hardware platforms used in the different stages of the development process. Moreover, the use of the Leon2ViP virtual platform, with fault injection capabilities, allows an early software-before-hardware verification and validation and also a hardware–software co-simulation. The adopted solutions reduce development time without compromising the whole process reliability that is essential to the EPD success.     

提高水反应金属燃料能量性能的理论分析

采用最小自由能热力计算方法,计算了不同配方水反应金属燃料的能量性能,分析了粘合剂、氧化剂、高能添加剂、金属的种类及含量对燃料能量性能的影响。计算结果表明:镁基水反应金属燃料的基础上,添加含能粘合剂(聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(PGAP)、聚3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(PAMMO)、聚二叠氮甲基氧丁环与四氢呋喃共聚物(PBAMO-THF))、高能金属添加剂(Al和Mg-Al合金)及增加金属含量均有利于提高燃料的燃温和理论比冲;氧化剂和高能添加剂的种类、氧粘比(氧化剂与粘合剂质量比)对燃料的燃温和理论比冲影响不明显。采用PBAMO-THF,Al分别取代端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)和Mg,金属含量由70%提高到80%时,燃料的理论比冲(水燃比φ=3)由4550.5 N.s/kg提高到5451.0N.s/kg。     

A numerical model approximating extreme energetic electron events involved in the physical and chemical processes of the middle atmosphere

Relativistic electrons (with energies >150 keV) which originate in the outer radiation belt and detected by the Russian ‘Meteor’ series of satellites have been correlated with the atmospheric total ozone data compiled by almost 90 stations located around the world within the latitude zone 40°–70°N. In more than 60% of the stations examined we have detected a clear decrease of the ozone 3–5 days after the electron flux excess. A numerical model has been applied to approximate this effect based on relativistic electron initiated nitric oxides creation in the upper mesosphere with subsequent atmospheric transport (both vertical and horizontal) towards the upper stratosphere. A first attempt of local and temporal prediction of ozone depletion because of energetic electrons impact in the middle atmosphere has been illustrated.     

High energy charged particle experiment – A payload proposal to KuaFu-B mission

High Energy Charged Particle Experiment (HECPE) is to measure the fluxes of MeV electrons and tens of MeV protons. The two satellites of KuaFu-B are in the same polar orbit with apogee 7.0R_E, perigee 1.8R_E. They can sweep large L values and pass through the inner and outer radiation belts. The high energy electrons and protons in the radiation belts are principal sources for failures of satellites and spacecrafts in the Earth orbits. The enhancements of the high energy electrons and protons, so-called energetic particle events, are important phenomena of the Space Weather. The energy ranges monitored by HECPE are 0.3–0.5 MeV, 0.5–1.0 MeV, 1.0–2.0 MeV, and E > 2.0 MeV for electrons, 5–10 MeV, 10–20 MeV, 20–40 MeV, and 40–80 MeV for protons.     

Ion and electron superdiffusive transport in the interplanetary space

We study the propagation of energetic particles, accelerated by interplanetary shock waves, upstream of the shock. By using the appropriate propagator, we show that in the case of superdiffusive transport, the time profile of particles accelerated at a traveling planar shock is a power-law with slope 0<γ<1$0<\gamma <1$, at variance with the exponential profile obtained for normal diffusion. By analyzing data sets of interplanetary shocks in the solar wind observed by the Ulysses and the Voyager 2 spacecraft, we find that the time profiles of energetic electrons correspond to power-laws, with slopes γ?0.30–0.98$\gamma ?0.30''–''0.98$, implying a mean square displacement 〈Δx²〉∝t^α$〈\mathrm{\Delta }{x}^2〉\propto t^{\alpha }$, with α=2-γ>1$\alpha =2-\gamma >1$, i.e., superdiffusion. In addition, the propagation of ions is also superdiffusive, with α=1.07–1.13$\alpha =1.07''–''1.13$.     

考虑观测的双冲量最优交会研究

针对跟踪星主动交会目标星的轨道转移问题,给出了考虑观测的双冲量最优交会迭代算法。首先对考虑观测的轨道交会问题进行了分析,给出了椭圆转移轨道的存在性判定方法。在此基础上,给出了基于粒子群的优化求解方案。经过对两异面椭圆轨道转移问题的仿真解算,求得了最优交会轨道,验证了算法的正确性。该研究成果可作为工程应用的有益参考,并为其他带约束的轨道交会优化问题提供可行的求解方案。     

基于粒子群算法的切削参数优化及其约束处理

切削参数优化问题通常是多约束、非线性的,通过对其目标函数进行分析,发现这类问题的最优解通常位于可行域边界上.针对该问题的求解,在约束处理方法上引入了非固定多段映射罚函数法和半可行域概念,并考虑到绝对半可行域宽度导致的不同约束条件难以同步得到满足问题,提出了相对半可行域设置方法,即将半可行域宽度与各约束许用值的相对误差相对应,应用于粒子群算法实现了切削参数优化,并通过实例计算对所提出的方法进行了验证.     

太阳同步轨道真空紫外光电倍增管的高能粒子屏蔽方法研究

空间辐射环境是导致光电倍增管性能衰变甚至失效的主要原因, 由于空间辐射环境的复杂性以及飞行器在空间活动的轨道、设计寿命和光电倍增管的类型不同, 光电倍增管需要的抗辐射屏蔽要求不同. 以太阳同步轨道高能粒子辐射环境为例, 对真空紫外光电倍增管进行了辐射屏蔽的Monte-Carlo计算, 在此基础上提出了运行于该轨道上的真空紫外光电倍增管的高能粒子屏蔽优化组合. 模拟计算表明, 采用Al-W-Al三层结构的屏蔽组合形式, 其中Al层厚2mm, W厚 0.5mm,可将辐射剂量从原本的9.98× 106rad (Si)降低到 8.41× 102rad (Si), 能较好地满足实际使用要求.      

航天器质量特性参数的在轨辨识方法

针对高精度姿态和轨道控制要求准确已知航天器质量特性的问题,提出了基于参数解耦的最小二乘法和基于PSO的非线性优化两种方法,以辨识航天器的质量、惯量和质心位置。第一种方法将惯量与质量和质心位置解耦后分别辨识;第二种方法则将参数辨识问题转换为非线性系统的全局优化问题,同时辨识出所有参数。所提出的方法均不需要假设航天器运动足够慢,克服了以往方法将待辨识参数的耦合关系强行分离的缺点,采用辨识后的参数明显提高了航天器姿态及轨道控制性能。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。