放射性物质沾染检测仪的研制

介绍了一种放射性物质沾染检测仪的结构和功能,该仪器具有探测灵敏,结构简单,便携灵活等特点,可以在现场迅速对人身上的放射性物质沾染情况进行检测,对保护现场工作人员的身体安全,防止放射性物资污染扩散有着十分重要的意义。     

激光吸收法辐射测温技术研究

对辐射测温技术的发展进行了回顾,总结了辐射测温中遇到的主要问题,分析了激光吸收法辐射测温技术的发展现状,对激光吸收法辐射测温技术的理论模型进行了公式推导,对本单位建立的实验装置及其测温结果进行了介绍。     

Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM)

We present the analysis of data taken by the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM). It is centred on a Timepix detector (300?$\mathrm{\mu }$m thick silicon sensor, pixel pitch 55?$\mathrm{\mu }$m, 256?×?256 pixels). It was flown on Proba-V, an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) from an altitude of 820?km on a sun-synchronous orbit, launched on May 7, 2013. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the detector response to electrons (0.5–7?MeV) and protons (10–400?MeV) in an omnidirectional field taking into account the shielding of the detector housing and the satellite. With the help of the simulation, a strategy was developed to separate electrons, protons and ions in the data. The measured dose rate and stopping power distribution are presented as well as SATRAM’s capability to measure some of the stronger events in Earth’s magnetosphere. The stopping power, the cluster height and the shape of the particle tracks in the sensor were used to separate electrons, protons and ions. The results are presented as well. Finally, the pitch angles for a short period of time were extracted from the data and corrected with the angular response determined by the simulation.     

The analysis of affections to the cold space calibration source of ChangE-1 payload Microwave Detector

ChangE-1 (CE-1) will be the first satellite of China in lunar orbit. Its Microwave Detector makes real-time and periodical calibration at high and low temperature points. The low brightness temperature calibration source will be provided by calibration antenna which is pointing towards the cold space.     

Reduction of satellite electromagnetic scattering by carbon nanostructured multilayers

We propose a low observable satellite covered by layered materials. The dielectric properties of the composite materials are analyzed using the coaxial air-line method. Our solution could result in cost-effective applications for satellite stealthness. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to design and optimize layered absorbers. The obtained reflection is below −20 dB in many frequency subranges, also under an oblique incident condition, within the band 2–18 GHz. The optimized layered absorbers are used as a cloak for cube satellites. In particular, we investigated a very simple geometry by using a finite element commercial software in the band from 2 to 18. Finally, the transmission through an aperture on the satellite surface is analyzed. It is highlighted that the optimized layered absorbers attenuate the electric field within the satellite, improving its immunity against electromagnetic interferences.     

基于数字同轴全息的铝颗粒燃烧粒度分布研究

铝颗粒的团聚效应会对固体推进剂燃烧造成不良影响,产生积渣、两相流损失等问题。为掌握铝颗粒的团聚机理,了解初始铝颗粒尺寸以及压强对铝团聚的影响,以优化推进剂配方及粒度级配,有必要对三维空间内铝颗粒的粒度分布进行研究。为解决传统检测方法的景深问题,采用了数字同轴全息（DIH）技术,并用普通镜头搭配4f透镜组取代长焦显微镜头构建了成像系统。实验一方面对两种具有不同初始粒径的推进剂A和B进行燃烧测量,另一方面对推进剂B分别在0.1,0.2,0.3MPa三种不同压强下的燃烧进行了测量,然后通过全息重建以及图像处理技术得到了燃烧铝颗粒的粒径信息,相对测量误差在9%以内,最后采用Normal和Log-Normal多峰拟合获取了粒度分布的详细参数。对比实验结果发现,常压下铝团聚体的尺寸随着初始铝粉粒径减小而减小;随着压强增大,铝团聚物的尺寸逐渐变小,体积概率密度逐步由双峰分布变为单峰分布,说明压强升高对于铝团聚有抑制作用。     

Experimental investigations of a full model with adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings

The morphing wing concept aims to constantly adapt the aerodynamics to different flight stages. The wing is able to adapt to different flight conditions by an adjustable Aspect Ratio (AR) and sweep. A high AR configuration provides high aerodynamic efficiency, while a low AR configuration, with highly swept wings offers a good maneuverability. Additionally, the flexible membrane allows the wing surface to stretch and contract in-plane as well as the airfoil to adapt to different aerodynamic loads. In the context of this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of a full model with form-adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings are investigated experimentally. The focus is on the high-lift regime and on the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients as well as their sensitivities. Especially, the lateral aerodynamic derivatives at asymmetric wing positions are of interest.     

Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

A single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current (AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the fluid. Then, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.     

不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内沿程温度及其与叶片的撞击特性研究

涡轮叶片表面的颗粒沉积会影响其气动性能和冷却效率,因此很有必要开展颗粒在流道内的运动、温度及其在涡轮叶片表面的撞击特性研究。基于离散相模型,采用CFD数值模拟了涡轮流道内的燃气流动以及不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内的运动轨迹与沿程温度变化,并获得了颗粒与涡轮叶片的撞击特性。模拟结果表明,随着颗粒粒径由1μm增加至200μm,颗粒在涡轮流道内的随流性变差,颗粒在流道内的撞击、反弹现象加剧,这促使颗粒在流道内的运动路程整体呈上升趋势;颗粒粒径的增大还会导致颗粒散热能力下降,促使颗粒的沿程温降逐渐降低;同时,颗粒粒径的增大会导致颗粒在导叶片表面的撞击系数上升,而动叶则与之相反。     

粒子分离器鼓包柔性复合材料的本构模型研究

为了预测可变形粒子分离器鼓包复杂工况的力学行为,得到柔性帘线/橡胶复合材料结构的变形特性模型,基于连续介质力学的理论,建立了一种考虑帘线/橡胶之间剪切应变能的帘线/橡胶复合材料本构模型,通过ABAQUS的UANISOHYPER_INV接口编写各向异性超弹性材料的本构子程序,形成有效的帘线/橡胶复合材料的变形行为预测方法。结合橡胶材料Mooney—Rivilin本构模型,基于大变形不可压缩方法处理橡胶试验数据,运用最小二乘法拟合单轴拉伸试验数据,得到橡胶材料的参数C10=-0.27MPa与C01=1.12MPa;在橡胶超弹性本构的基础上,建立了帘线/橡胶复合材料的各向超弹性本构模型,并通过单轴拉伸试验拟合帘线和剪切应变能的参数;并进行单轴拉伸试验验证帘线/橡胶复合材料的各向超弹性本构模型。结果表明:拉伸变形量在20%内,数据吻合较好,进一步证明所建本构模型的准确性,为可变形粒子分离器鼓包有限元仿真分析奠定理论基础。